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The Richter scale [1] (/ ˈ r ɪ k t ər /), also called the Richter magnitude scale, Richter's magnitude scale, and the Gutenberg–Richter scale, [2] is a measure of the strength of earthquakes, developed by Charles Richter in collaboration with Beno Gutenberg, and presented in Richter's landmark 1935 paper, where he called it the "magnitude scale". [3]
Second, Richter arbitrarily defined the zero point of the scale to be where an earthquake at a distance of 100 km makes a maximum horizontal displacement of 0.001 millimeters (1 μm, or 0.00004 in.) on a seismogram recorded with a Wood-Anderson torsion seismograph. [14]
Earthquakes (6.0+ M w) between 1900 and 2017 Earthquakes are caused by movements within the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle.They range from weak events detectable only by seismometers, to sudden and violent events lasting many minutes which have caused some of the greatest disasters in human history.
UTC time: 1950-08-15 14:09:34: ISC event: 895681: USGS-ANSSComCat: Local date: August 15, 1950 (): Local time: 19:39:34 IST: Magnitude: 8.7 M w [1]: Depth: 15 km (9.3 mi) [1] Epicenter: 1]: Fault: Main Himalayan Thrust: Type: Oblique-slip [2]: Areas affected: Assam, India Tibet, China: Max. intensity: MMI XI (Extreme) [3]: Casualties: 4,800: Main faults of the Himalayas/Tibetan Plateau. The ...
The 1960 Valdivia earthquake and tsunami (Spanish: Terremoto de Valdivia) or the Great Chilean earthquake (Gran terremoto de Chile) on 22 May 1960 was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded. Most studies have placed it at 9.4–9.6 on the moment magnitude scale, [1] while some studies have placed the magnitude lower than 9.4.
Parts of Scotland were hit by an earthquake. The earthquake, measuring 2.1ML on the Richter scale, hit Morvern in the Highlands just before 3.30pm.
The relationship between earthquake magnitude and frequency was first proposed by Charles Francis Richter and Beno Gutenberg in a 1944 paper studying earthquakes in California, [2] [3] and generalised in a worldwide study in 1949. [4]
2012 Haida Gwaii earthquake – magnitude 7.8 earthquake with an epicenter on Moresby Island in British Columbia, the second largest Canadian earthquake ever recorded by a seismometer, over 100,000 people were evacuated to higher ground in the state of Hawai'i