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The short lute developed in Central Asia or Northern India in areas that had connection to Greece, China, India and the Middle East through trade and conquest. The short wood-topped lute moved east to China (as the pipa), south to India (as the vina), and west to the Middle East, Africa and Europe as the barbat and oud.
The Lute in Europe. The Lute Corner ISBN 978-3-9523232-0-5; Smith, Douglas Alton (2002). A History of the Lute from Antiquity to the Renaissance. Lute Society of America ISBN 0-9714071-0-X ISBN 978-0-9714071-0-7; Spring, Matthew (2001). The Lute in Britain: A History of the Instrument and its Music. Oxford University Press. Vaccaro, Jean-Michel ...
The oud (Arabic: عود, romanized: ʿūd, pronounced; [1] [2] [3]) is a Middle Eastern short-neck lute-type, pear-shaped, fretless stringed instrument [4] (a chordophone in the Hornbostel–Sachs classification of instruments), usually with 11 strings grouped in six courses, but some models have five or seven courses, with 10 or 13 strings respectively.
Ephraim Segerman also talked about plucked fiddles. A theory of stringed instruments with fingerboards was explained in his 1999 paper, A Short History of the Cittern, where part of the paper explained the existence of short lute-like instruments in Central Asia, and mentioned their entry in Europe around the 8th century. [44]
The Swedish lute (Swedish: svensk luta) is a musical instrument developed from the early cittern, with a theorbo'ed neck with several bass strings running offset from the fretboard. The modern Swedish lute generally has six strings over the fretboard, and four or more free-running strings.
The lute has "a very attractive and finely varnished maple back, and soundboard with many original bars, made by Sixtus Rauwolf". [2] The lute's owner, lutenist Jakob Lindberg, describes the instrument: "My lute... would originally have been probably a 7 or 8-course lute. There is also inside the lute a label of Leonhard Mausiel of Nüremberg ...
One of these musicians, Timofiy Bilohradsky, was a lute student of Sylvius Leopold Weiss and later became a noted lute virtuoso, a court lutenist, active in Königsberg and St.Petersburg. In the 18th century, the kobza's upper range was extended with an addition of several unstopped treble strings, known as " prystrunky ", meaning: strings on ...
The main differences between the archlute and the "baroque" lute of northern Europe are that the baroque lute has 11 to 13 courses, while the archlute typically has 14, [2] and the tuning of the first six courses of the baroque lute outlines a d-minor chord, while the archlute preserves the tuning of the Renaissance lute, [3] with perfect fourths surrounding a third in the middle for the first ...