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  2. Self-discrepancy theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-Discrepancy_Theory

    The self-discrepancy theory states that individuals compare their "actual" self to internalized standards or the "ideal/ought self". Inconsistencies between "actual", "ideal" (idealized version of yourself created from life experiences) and "ought" (who persons feel they should be or should become) are associated with emotional discomforts (e.g., fear, threat, restlessness).

  3. E. Tory Higgins - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Tory_Higgins

    He further developed his previous research on self-discrepancy theory, exploring the gaps individuals perceive between their actual selves and the standards set by their "ideal" or "ought" self-guides. [6] Based on self-discrepancy theory, Higgins then developed regulatory focus theory, which posits two distinct self-regulatory systems for ...

  4. Category:Ego psychology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Ego_psychology

    Ego psychology is a neo-Freudian school of psychology that concentrations on the functions of the ego. ... Self-deprecation; Self-discrepancy theory; Self-hatred;

  5. Utopian thinking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utopian_thinking

    It is conceptualized as a form of collective self-regulation by Fernando and colleagues, extending the self-regulatory function of the ideal self to the collective action domain. [2] Self-discrepancy theory has unveiled that the ideal self's image can serve as motivation for regulating cognition, emotion, and behavior, driven by the desire to ...

  6. Objective self-awareness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objective_self-awareness

    In particular, research using self-discrepancy theory developed by Tory Higgins focuses on two types of standards, ought and ideal standards. [12] Ought standards represent self-states that relate to other's beliefs about the responsibilities or duties.

  7. Psychology of self - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology_of_self

    The psychology of self is the study of either the cognitive, conative or affective representation of one's identity, or the subject of experience. The earliest form of the Self in modern psychology saw the emergence of two elements, I and me, with I referring to the Self as the subjective knower and me referring to the Self as a subject that is known.

  8. Social comparison theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_comparison_theory

    Social comparison theory, initially proposed by social psychologist Leon Festinger in 1954, [1] centers on the belief that individuals drive to gain accurate self-evaluations. The theory explains how individuals evaluate their opinions and abilities by comparing themselves to others to reduce uncertainty in these domains and learn how to define ...

  9. Figure rating scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_rating_scale

    Researchers have used this theory in association with the figure rating scale. [25] [26] Self-discrepancy theory distinguishes among three domains of the self: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. [27] [28] [29] The individual may choose a separate silhouette for each domain of the self.