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The oldest part of the Rig Veda Samhita was orally composed in north-western India between c. 1500 and 1200 BCE, [note 1] while book 10 of the Rig Veda, and the other Samhitas were composed between 1200 and 900 BCE more eastward, between the Yamuna and the Ganges rivers, the heartland of Aryavarta and the Kuru Kingdom (c. 1200 – c. 900 BCE).
Vedic Sanskrit, also simply referred as the Vedic language, is an ancient language of the Indo-Aryan subgroup of the Indo-European language family. It is attested in the Vedas and related literature [1] compiled over the period of the mid-2nd to mid-1st millennium BCE. [2]
Vyasa's birth name is Krishna Dvaipāyana, which refers to his dark complexion (krishna) and his birthplace being on an island (dvaipayana), [2] although he is more commonly known as "Vedvyasa" (Sanskrit: वेदव्यास, Vedavyāsa) as he has compiled the single, eternal Veda into four separate books—Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda and ...
The Rigveda or Rig Veda (Sanskrit: ऋग्वेद, IAST: ṛgveda, from ऋच्, "praise" [2] and वेद, "knowledge") is an ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns (sūktas). It is one of the four sacred canonical Hindu texts ( śruti ) known as the Vedas .
Yajurveda is a compound Sanskrit word, composed of yajus (यजुस्) and Veda (वेद). Monier-Williams translates yajus as "religious reverence, veneration, worship, sacrifice, a sacrificial prayer, formula, particularly mantras uttered in a peculiar manner at a sacrifice". [13] Veda means "knowledge".
The oral tradition of the Vedas consists of several pathas, "recitations" or ways of chanting the Vedic mantras.Such traditions of Vedic chant are often considered the oldest unbroken oral tradition in existence, the fixation of the Vedic texts as preserved dating to roughly the time of Homer (early Iron Age).
The Veda may be named, states Monier Williams, after the mythical priest named Atharvan who was first to develop prayers to fire, offer Soma, and who composed "formulas and spells intended to counteract diseases and calamities". [15] The name Atharvaveda, states Laurie Patton, is for the text being "Veda of the Atharvāṇas". [3]
The notion of a fifth Veda (Sanskrit: pañcama veda), that is, of a text which lies outside the four canonical Vedas, but nonetheless has the status of a Veda, is one that has been advanced in a number of post-Vedic Hindu texts, in order to accord a particular text or texts and their doctrines with the timelessness and authority that Hinduism associates with the Vedas. [1]