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[56] [57] A common complication of having a tympanostomy tube is otorrhea, which is a discharge from the ear. [58] The risk of persistent tympanic membrane perforation after children have grommets inserted may be low. [55] It is still uncertain whether or not grommets are more effective than a course of antibiotics. [55]
There may be early drainage through the tube (tube otorrhea) in about 15% of patients in the first two weeks after placement, and developing in 25% more than three months after insertion, although usually not a longterm problem. [18] Otorrhea is considered to be secondary to bacterial colonization.
2/3 of people presenting with ear pain were diagnosed with some sort of primary otalgia and 1/3 were diagnosed with some sort secondary otalgia. [5] A common cause of primary otalgia is ear infection called otitis media, meaning an infection behind the eardrum. [3] The peak age for children to get acute otitis media is ages 6–24 months.
Otorrhea (ear discharge) is the most common complication of tympanostomy tube placement, affecting between 25–75% of children receiving this procedure. [2] [6] [9] [10] Saline washouts and antibiotic drops at the time of surgery are effective measures to reduce rates of otorrhea, which is why antibiotic ear drops are not routinely prescribed.
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Clinically, patients experience aural fullness, intra-meatal itching, and malodorous otorrhea all at the same time. Although granular myringitis does not typically result in a hearing loss, it can cause complications like inflammatory infiltration of the deep canal, canal atresia or stenosis, and post-inflammatory medial canal fibrosis.
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The tube is extruded spontaneously after a few weeks to months, and the incision heals naturally. If there are complications, or the mastoiditis does not respond to the above treatments, it may be necessary to perform a mastoidectomy : a procedure in which a portion of the bone is removed and the infection drained.