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The American elm is a deciduous tree which, under ideal conditions, can grow to heights of 21 to 35 meters (69 to 115 feet). [3] The trunk may have a diameter at breast height (dbh) of more than 1.2 m (4 ft), supporting a high, spreading umbrella-like canopy.
All species are tolerant of a wide range of soils and pH levels but, with few exceptions, demand good drainage. The elm tree can grow to great height, the American elm in excess of 30 m (100 ft), [6] often with a forked trunk creating a vase profile.
The tree succumbed to Dutch elm disease and was felled in 1968. A ring count established that it had begun life in the year 1701. [61] The "Great Elm Tree" at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts is believed to have been standing for at least 200 years. It is being well cared for and receives regular treatments for Dutch elm disease.
Ulmus rubra is a medium-sized deciduous tree with a spreading head of branches, [4] commonly growing to 12–19 metres (39–62 feet), very occasionally over 30 m (98 ft) in height.
Ulmus thomasii, the rock elm [3] or cork elm (or orme liège in Québec), is a deciduous tree native primarily to the Midwestern United States. The tree ranges from southern Ontario and Quebec , south to Tennessee , west to northeastern Kansas , and north to Minnesota .
Ulmus alata, the winged elm or wahoo, is a small- to medium-sized deciduous tree endemic to the woodlands of the southeastern and south-central United States. The species is tolerant of a wide range of soils, and of ponding, but is the least shade-tolerant of the North American elms.
Ulmus glabra Hudson, the wych elm or Scots elm, has the widest range of the European elm species, from Ireland eastwards to the Ural Mountains, and from the Arctic Circle south to the mountains of the Peloponnese and Sicily, where the species reaches its southern limit in Europe; [2] it is also found in Iran.
Ulmus minor Mill., the field elm, is by far the most polymorphic of the European species, although its taxonomy remains a matter of contention.Its natural range is predominantly south European, extending to Asia Minor and Iran; its northern outposts are the Baltic islands of Öland and Gotland, [2] although it may have been introduced by humans.