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Flow is an individual experience and the idea behind flow originated from the sports-psychology theory about an Individual Zone of Optimal Functioning. The individuality of the concept of flow suggests that each person has their subjective area of flow, where they would function best given the situation.
Positive psychology is a field of psychological theory and research of optimal human functioning of people, groups, and institutions. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It studies "positive subjective experience, positive individual traits, and positive institutions... it aims to improve quality of life ."
Half a glass of water, illustration of two different mental attitudes, optimism (half full) and pessimism (half empty). Optimism is an attitude reflecting a belief or hope that the outcome of some specific endeavor, or outcomes in general, will be positive, favorable, and desirable.
Linda James Myers (born 1948) is an American psychologist best known for developing a theory of optimal psychology. [1] [2] Optimal psychology theory relies on African and Native American worldviews to promote interconnectedness and anti-racism. [3] [4] [5] James Myers has offered significant contributions to the field of African Psychology.
Optimal distinctiveness is a social psychological theory seeking to understand ingroup–outgroup differences. It asserts that individuals desire to attain an optimal balance of inclusion and distinctiveness within and between social groups and situations. [ 1 ]
The optimal stimulation level (OSL) is the amount of stimulation individuals seek in life. [1] In theories which consider human actions will be affected by motivational tendencies, the concept that for achieving a favorable stimulation level, social practices stimulated by pure desire plays a significant role.
A Venn diagram of Comfort zone outside of which the optimal performance zone is present. Danger zone is marked in red. A comfort zone is a familiar psychological state where people are at ease and (perceive they are) in control of their environment, experiencing low levels of anxiety and stress.
The distinction between "maximizing" and "satisficing" was first made by Herbert A. Simon in 1956. [1] [2] Simon noted that although fields like economics posited maximization or "optimizing" as the rational method of making decisions, humans often lack the cognitive resources or the environmental affordances to maximize.