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The Crusader states, or Outremer, were four Catholic polities that existed in the Levant from 1098 to 1291. Following the principles of feudalism , the foundation for these polities was laid by the First Crusade by the European Christians, which was proclaimed by the Latin Church in 1095 in order to reclaim the Holy Land after it was lost to ...
The fall of Outremer describes the history of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from the end of the last European Crusade to the Holy Land in 1272 until the final loss in 1302. The kingdom was the center of Outremer —the four Crusader states—formed after the First Crusade in 1099 and reached its peak in 1187.
The following is a list of crusader states that were independent during some point in history. This list includes crusader states in Outremer , Frankokratia , and in the Baltics . List
After the successful siege of Jerusalem in 1099, Godfrey of Bouillon, leader of the First Crusade, became the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The Crusaders arrived at Jerusalem in June 1099; a few of the neighbouring towns ( Ramla , Lydda , Bethlehem , and others) were taken first, and Jerusalem itself was captured on July 15. [ 11 ]
Map of Maximus Planudes (c. 1300), earliest extant realization of Ptolemy's world map (2nd century) Gangnido (Korea, 1402) Bianco world map (1436) Fra Mauro map (c. 1450) Map of Bartolomeo Pareto (1455) Genoese map (1457) Map of Juan de la Cosa (1500) Cantino planisphere (1502) Piri Reis map (1513) Dieppe maps (c. 1540s-1560s) Mercator 1569 ...
English: A political map of the Near East in 1135 CE. Crusader states are marked with a red cross. Crusader states are marked with a red cross. Español : Oriente Próximo en 1135, entre la primera y segunda cruzadas.
The History of the Crusades, a translation of Histoire des Croisades by Joseph François Michaud (translated by William Robson), Covering the period 300–1095, the Crusades from 1096–1270, attempted Crusades against the Turks from 1291–1396, and Crusades against the Turks from 1453–1481. [17]
The history of the crusades, Volume 3, pp 70–89 (Google Books, full view), by Joseph François Michaud, trans. William Robson. Note that in this account Acre is referred to as "Ptolemaïs", Sultan Qalawun as "Kalouan" and Khalil as "Chalil" and throughout the work Muslims are referred to as "Mussulmans".