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Malus (/ ˈ m eɪ l ə s / [3] or / ˈ m æ l ə s /) is a genus of about 32–57 species [4] of small deciduous trees or shrubs in the family Rosaceae, including the domesticated orchard apple, crab apples (sometimes known in North America as crabapples) and wild apples. The genus is native to the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere.
Wild apple tree in full bloom. The European wild apple is dispersed primarily by mammals, which eat the fruits. In a study from Mols, Denmark, it was determined that cattle accounted for the bulk of dispersal, followed by horses, despite the presence of wild animals. [8] In Britain, the crab apple is associated with 93 species of insect. [9]
The tree fruits in autumn, and the fruits continue to ripen into the winter. [5] The fruits can be used for crab apple jelly, apple sauce or for pressing into a mixed cider brew. [6] The 'Evereste' crabapple can also be used as a pollenizer for domesticated apples that are self-sterile. [7]
Malus baccata is an Asian species of apple known by the common names Siberian crab apple, [2] Siberian crab, [3] Manchurian crab apple and Chinese crab apple. [4] [5] [6] It is native to many parts of Asia, but is also grown elsewhere as an ornamental tree and for rootstock.
Malus hupehensis is a vigorous deciduous tree growing to 12 metres (39 feet) tall and broad. [citation needed] It has pink buds, opening to fragrant white blossoms in spring. It produces bright red, cherry-sized crab-apples in the autumn. [7]
Malus sargentii, the Sargent crabapple or Sargent's apple, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Malus of the family Rosaceae. [1] The species was formerly considered a variety of the species Malus sieboldii. [2] It is a shrub or small tree growing to 6–10 ft (1.8–3.0 m) tall and 6–12 ft (1.8–3.7 m) broad. [3]
Malus fusca is a deciduous tree growing up to 13 metres (43 feet) tall, with a trunk 20–25 centimetres (8–10 inches) thick. [2] The leaves are 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, dark green above, and both pale and fibrous beneath; they turn bright orange to red in autumn. [2] The flowers are white or pale pink, blooming in spring.
Its parents are Manchurian crab apple Malus mandshurica and Siebold's crabapple Malus sieboldii. [2] It is used as a salt‑tolerant rootstock for apples, Malus domestica, as it can survive NaCl concentrations up to 0.6%. [3] A number of ornamental cultivars are available, including 'Golden Hornet' and 'Professor Sprenger'. [4] [5]