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The Spring 1945 offensive in Italy, codenamed Operation Grapeshot, was the final Allied attack during the Italian Campaign in the final stages of the Second World War. [6] The attack in the Lombard Plain by the 15th Allied Army Group started on 6 April 1945 and ended on 2 May with the surrender of all Axis forces in Italy .
The Italian Civil War (Italian: Guerra civile italiana, pronounced [ˈɡwɛrra tʃiˈviːle itaˈljaːna]) was a civil war in the Kingdom of Italy fought during the Italian campaign of World War II between Italian fascists and Italian partisans (mostly politically organized in the National Liberation Committee) and, to a lesser extent, the Italian Co-belligerent Army.
The Verona Trial (Italian: processo di Verona) was a show trial held in January 1944 in the Italian Social Republic (RSI) to punish the 19 members of the Grand Council of Fascism who had voted for Benito Mussolini's removal from power in the Kingdom of Italy. Six of them had been captured by Mussolini's forces and were present for the trial.
The Allies' final offensive commenced with massive aerial and artillery bombardments on 9 April 1945. [54] The Allies had 1,500,000 men and women deployed in Italy in April 1945. [7] The Axis on 7 April had 599,404 troops of which 439,224 were Germans and 160,180 were Italians. [7]
General underground Italian opposition to the Fascist Italian government existed even before World War II, but open and armed resistance followed the German invasion of Italy on 8 September 1943: in Nazi-occupied Italy, the Italian Resistance fighters, known as the partigiani , fought a guerra di liberazione nazionale ('national liberation war ...
Italian Army Service Units in Italy were disbanded on July 1, 1945. [8] [9] Many other Italians joined the Italian Co-belligerent Army (Esercito Cobelligerante Italiano), a Combat Army of the allies. Some Italian allies units were called the Army of the South (Esercito del Sud), or Italian Liberation Corps (Corpo Italiano di Liberazione). [10 ...
Hotheads throw themselves on the ones still wearing the Fascist pin, tearing it away, trampling on it. "Off with the bug!" Columns of people go to acclaim the king at the Quirinal, Badoglio at Via XX Settembre. [154] Across Italy, men and women went outside and chiseled away the Fascist emblems and removed propaganda posters from the buildings.
The Allies sent different negotiators, notably OSS agent Allen Dulles to negotiate the surrender in Switzerland. Wolff believed that a separate peace agreement might break the alliance of United States, United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union, as the Allies agreed that they would accept only unconditional surrender during the Casablanca Conference ...