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Islam [a] is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad. [9] Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number approximately 1.9 billion worldwide and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians.
Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion teaching that there is only one God [1] and that Muhammad is His last Messenger. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Islam.
Each chapter of the book covers a specific topic within Islam. For example, one chapter is entirely dedicated to the issue of jihad. [4] Over all, the book covers the history of Islam from the point of view of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad as a social reformer struggling for egalitarianism between people.
'Urubah and Religion: A Study of the Fundamental Ideas of Arabism and of Islam as Its Highest Moment of Consciousness (1962) is a scholarly work by Isma'il Raji al-Faruqi, published by Djambatan N.V. The book explores the concept of Arabism (' urubah ), examining its historical, ethical, and spiritual dimensions, and its relationship with Islam.
These perceived deviations from normative Islamic thought have resulted in severe persecution of Ahmadis in various Muslim-majority countries, [94] particularly Pakistan, [94] [106] where they have been branded as Non-Muslims and their Islamic religious practices are punishable by the Ahmadi-Specific laws in the penal code. [107]
In Egypt, a 16 December 2006 judgement of the Supreme Administrative Council created a clear demarcation between "recognized religions"—Islam, Christianity and Judaism—and all other religious beliefs; the ruling effectively delegitimatizes and forbids the practice of all but these aforementioned religions.
The Ulama in Contemporary Islam: Custodians of Change is a book by Muhammad Qasim Zaman, a professor at Princeton University. Published in 2002 by Princeton University Press under the series titled Princeton Studies in Muslim Politics , this academic work examines the ulama of South Asia, with a focus on the Deobandis .
The two main religious festivals are Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. The three holiest sites in Islam are Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Prophet's Mosque in Medina, and al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem. The religion of Islam originated in Mecca in 610 CE. Muslims believe this is when Muhammad received his first revelation.