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Analytic philosopher, philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, influential. Gabriel Marcel (1889–1973). Christian existentialist. Martin Heidegger (1889–1976). Phenomenologist. Antonio Gramsci (1891–1937). Marxist philosopher. Rudolf Carnap (1891–1970). Vienna Circle. Logical positivist. Walter Benjamin (1892–1940). Marxist ...
Western philosophy refers to the philosophical thought, traditions and works of the Western world. Historically, the term refers to the philosophical thinking of Western culture , beginning with the ancient Greek philosophy of the pre-Socratics .
Western philosophy originated in Ancient Greece in the 6th century BCE with the pre-Socratics. They attempted to provide rational explanations of the cosmos as a whole. [43] The philosophy following them was shaped by Socrates (469–399 BCE), Plato (427–347 BCE), and Aristotle (384–322 BCE).
Philosophers born in the 1st to 10th centuries (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically: Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed.
List of philosophers born in the 1st through 10th centuries; List of philosophers born in the 11th through 14th centuries; List of philosophers born in the 15th and 16th centuries; List of philosophers born in the 17th century; List of philosophers born in the 18th century; List of philosophers born in the 19th century
Socrates (/ ˈ s ɒ k r ə t iː z /, [2] Ancient Greek: Σωκράτης, romanized: Sōkrátēs; c. 470 – 399 BC) was a Greek philosopher from Athens who is credited as the founder of Western philosophy [3] and as among the first moral philosophers of the ethical tradition of thought.
The Age of Enlightenment was a broad philosophical movement in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The traditional theological-political system that placed Scripture at the center, with religious authorities and monarchies claiming and enforcing their power by divine right, was challenged and overturned in the realm of ideas.
The ideas of the Enlightenment undermined the authority of the monarchy and religious officials and paved the way for the political revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries. A variety of 19th-century movements, including liberalism, socialism, [10] and neoclassicism, trace their intellectual heritage to the Enlightenment. [11]