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The anterior nares can act as a colonizing point from which the infection can spread. [2] This can be particularly troublesome if the strain is an antibiotic-resistant (commonly MRSA or ORSA) strain. MRSA (first discovered in the UK in 1961) has become particularly widespread in hospitals and is commonly considered a super bug.
Now, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is not only a human pathogen causing a variety of infections, such as skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI), pneumonia, and sepsis, but it also can cause disease in animals, known as livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA). [115] MRSA infections in both the hospital and community setting are ...
MRSA blood infections in Latin America was 29%. European incidence was 22.8%. The rate of all MRSA infections in Europe ranged from 50% in Portugal down to 0.8% in Sweden. Overall MRSA infection rates varied in Latin America: Colombia and Venezuela combined had 3%, Mexico had 50%, Chile 38%, Brazil 29%, and Argentina 28%. [89]
The condition becomes serious because veins at that region of the face lead to the brain, and if bacteria spreads to the brain via these veins, the person may develop a life-threatening condition called cavernous sinus thrombosis, which is an infection in the brain. Other complications include nasal septal abscess and encephalitis. [3]
Products used for decolonization typically involve chlorhexidine rinses for bathing or showering, a mouthwash to clean the oral cavity, and a nasal spray containing mupirocin. It is important to include a mouthwash and nasal spray as individuals commonly carry MRSA in the nose, mouth, and throat.
Problematically, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a major cause of hospital-acquired infections. MRSA has also been recognized with increasing frequency in community-acquired infections. [7] The symptoms of a staphylococcal infection include a collection of pus, such as a boil or furuncle, or abscess.
Abscesses are caused by bacterial infection, parasites, or foreign substances. Bacterial infection is the most common cause, particularly Staphylococcus aureus. The more invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) may also be a source of infection, though is much rarer. [20]
The danger triangle of the face consists of the area from the corners of the mouth to the bridge of the nose, including the nose and maxilla. [1] [2]: 345–346 Due to the special nature of the blood supply to the human nose and surrounding area, it is possible for retrograde infection from the nasal area to spread to the brain, causing cavernous sinus thrombosis, meningitis, or brain abscess.