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A mitochondrion is an organelle that uses aerobic respiration to generate ATP, the chemical energy of the cell. The process of aerobic respiration is called oxidative phosphorylation, which occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
Mitochondrial DNA is the small circular chromosome found inside mitochondria, which are passed exclusively from mother to offspring. Learn about the origin, structure, diversity, and evolution of mtDNA in different organisms, and how it is used in phylogenetics and anthropology.
Learn about the process by which cells increase mitochondrial numbers and how it is regulated by various signals and proteins. Find out the evolutionary history, metabolic functions, and fusion/fission events of mitochondria.
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COX1 or COI) is a protein encoded by the MT-CO1 gene in eukaryotes. It is the main subunit of the cytochrome c oxidase complex, a key enzyme in aerobic metabolism and the final step of the electron transport chain.
Symbiogenesis, also known as endosymbiotic theory, is the leading evolutionary theory of how eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic organisms. It proposes that mitochondria, plastids and possibly other organelles are descended from formerly free-living bacteria that merged into symbiotic relationships with each other.
Mitochondrial disease is a group of disorders caused by mitochondrial dysfunction, which affects energy production in cells. Symptoms vary depending on the affected tissues and organs, and may include muscle weakness, vision loss, diabetes, deafness, and more.
In genetics, paternal mtDNA transmission and paternal mtDNA inheritance refer to the incidence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) being passed from a father to his offspring. . Paternal mtDNA inheritance is observed in a small proportion of species; in general, mtDNA is passed unchanged from a mother to her offspring, [1] making it an example of non-Mendelian inh
Mitochondrial ribosomes are protein complexes that translate mitochondrial mRNAs encoded in mtDNA. They are derived from bacterial ribosomes but have evolved to be smaller and more specialized in function and structure.