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Self-efficacy is an individual's belief in their capacity to act in the ways necessary to reach specific goals. Learn about the social cognitive theory, social learning theory, self-concept theory, and attribution theory that explain self-efficacy, and the sources of self-efficacy such as mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, and belief in success.
Learn about the systematic patterns of deviation from norm and/or rationality in judgment, and how they affect belief, decision-making and behavior. Explore the causes, types and examples of cognitive biases, such as anchoring, apophenia, availability, confirmation, and more.
Self-serving bias is the tendency to perceive oneself in an overly favorable manner, especially when attributing success and failure. Learn about the history, methods, factors, and applications of this cognitive and perceptual process that serves the self's need for esteem.
Attribution bias is a cognitive bias that refers to the systematic errors made when people evaluate or try to find reasons for their own and others' behaviors. Learn about the different types of attribution biases, such as the fundamental attribution error, the actor-observer bias, and the hostile attribution bias, and how they are influenced by attribution theory and research.
BIRGing (basking in reflected glory) is associating oneself with successful others to boost self-esteem, while CORFing (cutting off reflected failure) is disassociating from unsuccessful others to protect reputation. Learn how BIRGing and CORFing affect behavior, cognition, and physiology in various contexts and examples.
A self-help book by Stephen R. Covey that outlines seven habits for personal and professional growth and effectiveness. Learn about the concepts of proactivity, win-win, synergy, and renewal, and how to apply them in your life.
The Big Five personality traits are a group of five characteristics used to study personality: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. They were derived from factor analysis of personality-descriptive adjectives and have been widely used in psychology research.
Confirmation bias is the tendency to favor information that confirms or supports one's prior beliefs or values. Learn about the types, causes, effects, and examples of this cognitive bias in various contexts, such as science, politics, and social media.