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Gibbs surround is named after the architect James Gibbs, who often used it and popularized it in England, for example at St Martin-in-the-Fields in London. Here the side doors have surrounds with all the details including pediments, while the round-topped windows along the sides have Gibbs surrounds if the broadest definition is used.
The main variant shapes are the "segmental", "curved", or "arch" pediment, where the straight line triangle of the cornice is replaced by a curve making a segment of a circle, the broken pediment where the cornice has a gap at the apex, [6] and the open pediment, with a gap in the cornice along the base. Both triangular and segmental pediments ...
This transformation continued throughout the later parts of the early Middle Ages, gradually shifting into the large circular stained glass windows of the gothic era known as rose windows. [7] While tympanums are inspired by the shape and placement of pediments, classical pediments more closely transformed into rose windows than tympanums.
Venetian window at Holkham Hall in Norfolk, England, c. 1734-64 A Venetian window (also known as a Serlian window ) is a large tripartite window which is a key element in Palladian architecture . Although Sebastiano Serlio (1475–1554) did not invent it, the window features largely in the work of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio (1508 ...
Another distinguishing feature of frontispieces is the style of pediments used which can range from triangular pediments, segmental pediments, open pediments to broken pediments. [ 6 ] Triangular pediments , often the most commonly used style of pediment features a triangle framed by a cornice or ledge, with the apex at the top, two symmetrical ...
Also, the external divisions of a building by fenestration (windows). Bay window A window of one or more storeys projecting from the face of a building. Canted: with a straight front and angled sides. Bow window: curved. Oriel: rests on corbels or brackets and starts above ground level; also the bay window at the dais end of a medieval great ...
Post and lintel construction of the Airavatesvara Temple, India, a World Heritage Monument site Leinster House in Dublin retains column-shaped pilasters under a pediment for aesthetic reasons. Post and lintel (also called prop and lintel , a trabeated system , or a trilithic system ) is a building system where strong horizontal elements are ...
The Parthenon's west pediment depicted the contest between Athena and Poseidon over Attica and the east pediment the birth of Athena. [15] Classical archeologists since Johann Joachim Winckelmann's Geschichte der Kunst des Alterthums (published 1764) have recognized Greek pediment sculpture, in particular the pediments of the Parthenon, as the standard of the highest-quality art in antiquity. [16]
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