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This is a list of capsaicinoids, a class of compound found in members of the capsicum family. They are the chemical responsible for making chili peppers hot . The heat intensity of capsaicinoids is measured in Scoville heat units (SCU) by the Scoville heat scale .
In 2012, the Chili Pepper Institute called the Trinidad Moruga scorpion the new hottest pepper, saying it had been measured at 2 million SHU, the first time the 2-million mark had been reached. [3] Many of the cultivars developed in the attempt to produce ever-hotter peppers are hybrids of chilies traditionally grown in India and Trinidad. [6]
The scale is named after its creator, American pharmacist Wilbur Scoville, whose 1912 method is known as the Scoville organoleptic test. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The Scoville organoleptic test is a subjective assessment derived from the capsaicinoid sensitivity by people experienced with eating hot chilis.
The Naga Viper pepper is a hot chili pepper developed in England. In 2011, it was recorded as the "World's Hottest Chili" by the Guinness World Records with a rating of 1,382,118 Scoville heat units (SHU), [ 1 ] but was surpassed in SHU by the Carolina Reaper , in 2017, and again by the latest world record holder Pepper X in 2023.
Pepper X is a cultivar of Capsicum chili pepper bred by the American chili breeder Ed Currie, the creator of the Carolina Reaper. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] In 2023, Guinness World Records recognized it as the world's hottest chili pepper .
The Dragon's Breath chili was unofficially tested at 2.48 million Scoville Heat Units (SHU), making it a contender for the hottest chili pepper in the world. [3] [4] As of October 2023, Guinness World Records has not recognized this claim, as the Carolina Reaper was still mentioned as the current record holder at the time the claim was made. [8]
Resiniferatoxin has a score of 16 billion Scoville heat units, making pure resiniferatoxin about 500 to 1000 times hotter than pure capsaicin. [3] [4] Resiniferatoxin activates transient vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) in a subpopulation of primary afferent sensory neurons involved in nociception, the transmission of physiological pain.
In British English, the sweet varieties are called "peppers" [12] and the hot varieties "chillies", [13] whereas in Australian English and Indian English, the name "capsicum" is commonly used for bell peppers exclusively and "chilli" is often used to encompass the hotter varieties. The plant is a tender perennial subshrub, with a densely ...