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The study of GIR systems has a rich history dating back to the 1970s and possibly earlier. See Ray Larson’s book Geographic information retrieval and spatial browsing [20] for references to much of the pre-Web literature on GIR. In 2005 the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum added a geographic track, GeoCLEF.
Geography Markup Language (GML) – XML based open standard for GIS data exchange (by Open Geospatial Consortium) Simple Features – specification for vector data storage (by Open Geospatial Consortium) that can be used in a GML container; GeoJSON – open, lightweight format based on JSON, used by many open source GIS packages
GIS data for State of Kentucky; Name Description; Kentucky Geography Portal: The Kentucky Geoportal is a Data Clearinghouse that provides ays to discover and share geospatial data resources. Locate maps and geographic data content for a particular part of the state or search based on keyword or theme type. [12] Kentucky Open Data Portal
EPSG:3857 - Web Mercator projection of WGS 84, used for display by many web-based mapping tools, including Google Maps and OpenStreetMap. EPSG:9989 - International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2020 (ITRF2020) for 3D coordinates (latitude, longitude, ellipsoidal height) with subcentimeter accuracy, used for monitoring continental drift among others.
Geospatial metadata (also geographic metadata) is a type of metadata applicable to geographic data and information.Such objects may be stored in a geographic information system (GIS) or may simply be documents, data-sets, images or other objects, services, or related items that exist in some other native environment but whose features may be appropriate to describe in a (geographic) metadata ...
ESRI's ArcGIS 8.3+ has the capability of rubbersheeting vector data, and ArcMap 9.2+ may also rubber-sheet raster layers.; Autodesk's AutoCAD Map 3D [1] and AutoCAD Civil 3D (which includes most of AutoCAD Map 3D's functionality) allows a user to rubbersheet vector data, and Autodesk's Raster Design (an add-in product for AutoCAD-based products) allows a user to rubbersheet raster data.
There are also many different types of geodata, including vector files, raster files, geographic databases, web files, and multi-temporal data. Spatial data or spatial information is broader class of data whose geometry is relevant but it is not necessarily georeferenced , such as in computer-aided design (CAD), see geometric modeling .
ZIP Code: 01340. Area code: 413: FIPS code: 25-14885: ... (and appeared on maps) as "Colraine" for over 112 years until in 1873 the Commonwealth of Massachusetts ...