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A courtier (/ ˈ k ɔːr t i ər /) is a person who attends the royal court of a monarch or other royalty. [1] The earliest historical examples of courtiers were part of the retinues of rulers. Historically the court was the centre of government as well as the official residence of the monarch, and the social and political life were often ...
In English, the word was borrowed from Italian during the 16th century through the French form courtisane, especially associated with the meaning of donna di palazzo. [2] A male figure comparable to the courtesan was the Italian cicisbeo, the French chevalier servant, the Spanish cortejo or estrecho.
The Sikh 'Court of Lahore'.. A royal household is the highest-ranking example of patronage.A regent or viceroy may hold court during the minority or absence of the hereditary ruler, and even an elected head of state may develop a court-like entourage of unofficial, personally-chosen advisers and "companions".
The Château de Versailles, completion of the curial system in France. The French court ("Cour de France" in French), often simply "la cour", refers to the group of people, known as courtiers, who lived in the direct entourage of the king or, under the First and Second Empires, the emperor.
The first ranked female courtier in the French royal court was the Surintendante de la Maison de la Reine (Mistress of the Robes) to the queen. The Surintendante and the Governess of the Children of France were the only female office holders in France to give an oath of loyalty to the king himself. [3]
Louise Charlotte Françoise de Montesquiou, née de Le Tellier de Louvois-Courtanvaux de Montmirail de Creuzy (25 June 1765 – 29 May 1835), [1] was a French courtier. She served as the royal governess of Napoleon II from 1811 until 1814. Louise was also a lady-in-waiting at the French court.
The term “sprezzatura” first appeared in Baldassare Castiglione's 1528 The Book of the Courtier, where it is defined by the author as "a certain nonchalance, so as to conceal all art and make whatever one does or says appear to be without effort and almost without any thought about it". [2]
Papal valets kneel during The Mass at Bolsena by Raphael, himself a Papal valet who may himself be here, looking at the viewer. In the English Royal Household the French term was used, whilst French was the language of the court, for example for Geoffrey Chaucer in the 1370s; but subsequently titles such as Groom of the Chamber, Groom of the Stool, and Groom of the Robes were used for people ...