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  2. Wave function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_function

    The wave function of an initially very localized free particle. In quantum physics, a wave function (or wavefunction) is a mathematical description of the quantum state of an isolated quantum system. The most common symbols for a wave function are the Greek letters ψ and Ψ (lower-case and capital psi, respectively). Wave functions are complex ...

  3. Measurement problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measurement_problem

    The de Broglie–Bohm theory tries to solve the measurement problem very differently: the information describing the system contains not only the wave function, but also supplementary data (a trajectory) giving the position of the particle(s). The role of the wave function is to generate the velocity field for the particles.

  4. Schrödinger equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrödinger_equation

    While the time-evolution process represented by the Schrödinger equation is continuous and deterministic, in that knowing the wave function at one instant is in principle sufficient to calculate it for all future times, wave functions can also change discontinuously and stochastically during a measurement. The wave function changes, according ...

  5. Electromagnetic field solver - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_field_solver

    Electromagnetic behavior is governed by Maxwell's equations, and all parasitic extraction requires solving some form of Maxwell's equations. That form may be a simple analytic parallel plate capacitance equation or may involve a full numerical solution for a complex 3D geometry with wave propagation.

  6. Semicircular potential well - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semicircular_potential_well

    The condition m=0 is ruled out because = everywhere, meaning that the particle is not in the potential at all. Negative integers are also ruled out since they can easily be absorbed in the normalization condition. We then normalize the wave function, yielding a result where =. The normalized wave function is

  7. WKB approximation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WKB_approximation

    This differential equation is known as the Airy equation, and the solution may be written in terms of Airy functions, [13] = ⁡ (()) + ⁡ (()) = ⁡ + ⁡ (). Although for any fixed value of ℏ {\displaystyle \hbar } , the wave function is bounded near the turning points, the wave function will be peaked there, as can be seen in the images ...

  8. Korteweg–De Vries equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korteweg–De_Vries_equation

    Cnoidal wave solution to the Korteweg–De Vries equation, in terms of the square of the Jacobi elliptic function cn (and with value of the parameter m = 0.9). Numerical solution of the KdV equation u t + uu x + δ 2 u xxx = 0 (δ = 0.022) with an initial condition u(x, 0) = cos(πx). Time evolution was done by the Zabusky–Kruskal scheme. [1]

  9. Wave equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_equation

    The wave equation is a second-order linear partial differential equation for the description of waves or standing wave fields such as mechanical waves (e.g. water waves, sound waves and seismic waves) or electromagnetic waves (including light waves). It arises in fields like acoustics, electromagnetism, and fluid dynamics.