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A posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is a condition of the eye in which the vitreous membrane separates from the retina. [1] It refers to the separation of the posterior hyaloid membrane from the retina anywhere posterior to the vitreous base (a 3–4 mm wide attachment to the ora serrata).
A tear in the retina can allow fluids from the eye to leak in behind the retina, which causes retinal detachment. When this occurs, blood from the retinal blood vessels can bleed into the vitreous. [4] Retinal tear accounts for 11.4–44% of vitreous hemorrhage cases. [1]
Cataract surgery: Previous cataract surgery, particularly when associated with vitreous loss, is linked to shifts in the vitreous, increasing the risk of posterior vitreous detachment. [7] [9] [17] Inflammation: Inflammatory eye conditions, such as uveitis, are associated with an increased risk of posterior vitreous detachment. [7] [9]
Experts say that retinal tears are one of the most concerning causes of eye floaters. "If the retina tears, it can release pigment or blood into the vitreous that would be seen as a sudden onset ...
Peripheral (posterior) vitreous detachment occurs when the gel around the eye separates from the retina. This can naturally occur with age. However, if it occurs too rapidly, it can cause photopsia which manifests in flashes and floaters in the vision. Typically, the flashes and floaters go away in a few months.
Hyphema treatment begins with head elevation to about 30 degrees, including while sleeping. An eye shield should also be placed and worn until the hyphema has completely resolved. [9] Vitreous hemorrhages are treated by targeting the underlying cause, such as with laser photo-coagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy or retinal detachment.
Epiretinal membrane or macular pucker is a disease of the eye in response to changes in the vitreous humor or more rarely, diabetes.Sometimes, as a result of immune system response to protect the retina, cells converge in the macular area as the vitreous ages and pulls away in posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).
On ultrasound, Coats' disease appears as a hyperechoic mass in the posterior vitreous without posterior acoustic shadowing; vitreous and subretinal hemorrhage may often be observed. [7] [8] On CT, the globe appears hyperdense compared to normal vitreous due to the proteinaceous exudate, which may obliterate the vitreous space in advanced disease.