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The most basic is the difference between tú (vos in areas with voseo) and usted: tú or vos is the "familiar" form, and usted, derived from the third-person form "your grace" (vuestra merced), is the "polite" form. The appropriate usage of those forms is fundamental to interpersonal communication.
Note: Usted and ustedes are grammatically third person even though they are functionally second person (they express you / you all). See Spanish personal pronouns for more information and the regional variation of pronoun use.
Usted expresses distance and respect; tú corresponds to an intermediate level of familiarity, but not deep trust; vos is the pronoun of maximum familiarity and solidarity. Pronominal tú is frequent with verbal voseo. [2] Honduras – three-tiered system is used to indicate the degree of respect or familiarity: usted, tú, vos.
Ustedes replaces vosotros in part of Andalusia, the Canary Islands, and Latin America, except in the liturgical or poetic of styles. In some parts of Andalusia, the pronoun ustedes is used with the standard vosotros endings. Depending on the region, Latin Americans may also replace the singular tú with usted or vos. The choice of pronoun is a ...
The pronouns yo, tú, vos, [1] él, nosotros, vosotros [2] and ellos are used to symbolise the three persons and two numbers. Note, however, that Spanish is a pro-drop language , and so it is the norm to omit subject pronouns when not needed for contrast or emphasis.
A variant of usted, vusted, can be heard in Andean regions of South America. Other, less frequent forms analogous to usted are vuecencia (short for vuestra excelencia), and usía (from vuestra señoría). There is a traditional assumption that Chilean and River Plate voseo verb forms are derived from those corresponding to vosotros.
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usted (el otro usted: for informal, horizontal communication in Costa Rica and parts of Colombia) usted (most common) tú (in Cuba and Puerto Rico) vos, usía and vuecencia/vuecelencia (literary use) ustedes (the Americas) vosotros masc. and vosotras fem. (Peninsular Spain, Equatorial Guinea, Philippines) [40] ustedes. vosotros, vosotras ...