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Drosophila melanogaster is a species of fly (an insect of the order Diptera) in the family Drosophilidae.The species is often referred to as the fruit fly or lesser fruit fly, or less commonly the "vinegar fly", "pomace fly", [a] [5] or "banana fly". [6]
Drosophila (/ d r ə ˈ s ɒ f ɪ l ə, d r ɒ-, d r oʊ-/ [1] [2]) is a genus of fly, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit.
The Drosophilidae are a diverse, cosmopolitan family of flies, which includes species called fruit flies, although they are more accurately referred to as vinegar or pomace flies. [1] Another distantly related family of flies, Tephritidae , are true fruit flies because they are frugivorous, and include apple maggot flies and many pests.
white, abbreviated w, was the first sex-linked mutation discovered, found in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.In 1910 Thomas Hunt Morgan and Lilian Vaughan Morgan collected a single male white-eyed mutant from a population of Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies, which usually have dark brick red compound eyes.
Drosophila suzukii, commonly called the spotted wing drosophila or SWD, is a fruit fly. D. suzukii, originally from southeast Asia, is becoming a major pest species in America and Europe, because it infests fruit early during the ripening stage, in contrast with other Drosophila species that infest only rotting fruit. [2]
Chloropidae are minute to small (1.0 to 4.0 mm), rarely medium-sized, flies (6.0 to 9.0 and 12 mm) They are either black, gray, yellow, or greenish and the mesonotum often has a pattern of three to five dark longitudinal stripes against a light-colored background. The head in profile is trapezoidal or triangular.
Adult Sciaridae are small, dark flies 1–11 mm long and usually <5 mm long. [4] They have a characteristic wing venation: there is no cross vein except for a short rs at the wing base, the anterior veins are a short R1 and a long R5, vein M has a simple fork with a long stem, and CuA1 has a fork with a short stem.
This fly has a round head shape, which is typical for fruit flies. [2] While females have a completely dark yellow or orange face, males have a black face with a horizontal yellow stripe between the frons and the clypeus. [3] The antennae are black in males and yellow in females. [8]