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  2. State-space representation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State-space_representation

    The state space or phase space is the geometric space in which the axes are the state variables. The system state can be represented as a vector , the state vector . If the dynamical system is linear, time-invariant, and finite-dimensional, then the differential and algebraic equations may be written in matrix form.

  3. Distributed parameter system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_parameter_system

    In control theory, a distributed-parameter system (as opposed to a lumped-parameter system) is a system whose state space is infinite-dimensional. Such systems are therefore also known as infinite-dimensional systems. Typical examples are systems described by partial differential equations or by delay differential equations.

  4. Discretization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discretization

    A solution to a discretized partial differential equation, obtained with the finite element method. In applied mathematics, discretization is the process of transferring continuous functions, models, variables, and equations into discrete counterparts. This process is usually carried out as a first step toward making them suitable for numerical ...

  5. State variable - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_variable

    The set of possible combinations of state variable values is called the state space of the system. The equations relating the current state of a system to its most recent input and past states are called the state equations, and the equations expressing the values of the output variables in terms of the state variables and inputs are called the ...

  6. Dynamical systems theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamical_systems_theory

    These equations are interpreted to represent an agent's cognitive trajectory through state space. In other words, dynamicists argue that psychology should be (or is) the description (via differential equations) of the cognitions and behaviors of an agent under certain environmental and internal pressures.

  7. Phase space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_space

    The system's evolving state over time traces a path (a phase-space trajectory for the system) through the high-dimensional space. The phase-space trajectory represents the set of states compatible with starting from one particular initial condition , located in the full phase space that represents the set of states compatible with starting from ...

  8. Phase plane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_plane

    In applied mathematics, in particular the context of nonlinear system analysis, a phase plane is a visual display of certain characteristics of certain kinds of differential equations; a coordinate plane with axes being the values of the two state variables, say (x, y), or (q, p) etc. (any pair of variables).

  9. Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_formulation...

    The time evolution of the state is given by a differentiable function from the real numbers R, representing instants of time, to the Hilbert space of system states. This map is characterized by a differential equation as follows: If |ψ(t) denotes the state of the system at any one time t, the following Schrödinger equation holds:

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