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The Mongols under Jani Beg besieged Caffa in 1343 and the Venetian territory of Tana, the cause of which was a brawl between Italians and Muslims in Tana. [7] The siege of Caffa lasted until February 1344, when it was lifted after an Italian relief force killed 15,000 Mongol troops and destroyed their siege machines.
Devastation of the populations, cultures, and political structures in most of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Europe. Eventual Mongol withdrawal from Central Europe (1242). Territorial changes: Volga Bulgaria, Cumania, Alania, and the Kievan Rus' principalities conquered and become vassals of the Mongol Empire. The Kingdom of Georgia ...
For years it was common for Europeans to assume that the Black Death originated in China. Charles Creighton, in his History of Epidemics in Britain (1891), summarizes the tendency to retrospectively describe the origins of the Black Death in China despite lack of evidence for it: "In that nebulous and unsatisfactory state the old tradition of the Black Death originating in China has remained ...
The origin and early spread of the Black Death in Italy: first evidence of plague victims from 14th-century Liguria (northern Italy) maps by O.J. Benedictow. Author Flappiefh
The plague also spread into areas of Western Europe and Africa that the Mongols never reached. The Mongols practiced biological warfare by catapulting diseased cadavers into the cities they besieged. It is believed that fleas remaining on the bodies of the cadavers may have acted as vectors to spread the Black Death. [18] [19] [20] [21]
Map showing the spread of the Black Death (bubonic plague) in Europe during the 1331–1351 pandemic which is believed to have started in China and spread west, reaching the Black Sea by 1347 Plague Riot in Moscow in 1771: During the course of the city's plague , between 50,000 and 100,000 died (1/6 to 1/3 of its population).
The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic that occurred in Europe from 1346 to 1353. It was one of the most fatal pandemics in human history; as many as 50 million people [ 2 ] perished, perhaps 50% of Europe's 14th century population. [ 3 ]
The conflict continued into 1345, when Mongol forces besieged Kaffa. The siege dragged on into 1346, with the Mongol army being unable to capture the city. During the siege, an outbreak of the Bubonic plague in the Mongol camp spread to the city, with Kaffa eventually become a vector by which the plague spread to Europe. [6] [9]