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Ammonia solution, also known as ammonia water, ammonium hydroxide, ammoniacal liquor, ammonia liquor, aqua ammonia, aqueous ammonia, or (inaccurately) ammonia, is a solution of ammonia in water. It can be denoted by the symbols NH 3 (aq). Although the name ammonium hydroxide suggests a salt with the composition [NH + 4][OH −
The ammonia vapour from concentrated ammonia solutions is severely irritating to the eyes and the respiratory tract, and experts warn that these solutions only be handled in a fume hood. Saturated ('0.880'–see § Properties ) solutions can develop a significant pressure inside a closed bottle in warm weather, and experts also warn that the ...
The table above gives properties of the vapor–liquid equilibrium of anhydrous ammonia at various temperatures. The second column is vapor pressure in kPa. The third column is the density of the liquid phase. The fourth column is the density of the vapor.
A mixture of ammonia gas and water vapor is introduced into a reactor that contains a saturated solution of ammonium sulfate and about 2% to 4% of free sulfuric acid at 60 °C. Concentrated sulfuric acid is added to keep the solution acidic, and to retain its level of free acid. The heat of reaction keeps reactor temperature at 60 °C.
The blue colour of the solution is due to ammoniated electrons, which absorb energy in the visible region of light. The diffusivity of the solvated electron in liquid ammonia can be determined using potential-step chronoamperometry. [6] Solvated electrons in ammonia are the anions of salts called electrides. Na + 6 NH 3 → [Na(NH 3) 6] + + e −
Thus, the treatment of concentrated solutions of ammonium salts with a strong base gives ammonia. When ammonia is dissolved in water, a tiny amount of it converts to ammonium ions: H 2 O + NH 3 ⇌ OH − + [NH 4] + The degree to which ammonia forms the ammonium ion depends on the pH of the solution. If the pH is low, the equilibrium shifts to ...
Ammonium acetate, also known as spirit of Mindererus in aqueous solution, is a chemical compound with the formula NH 4 CH 3 CO 2. It is a white, hygroscopic solid and can be derived from the reaction of ammonia and acetic acid. It is available commercially. [5]
The compound is commonly used in several industries, such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and agriculture. [4] [5] As a drug, it is used in cases of topical skin diseases, relief of various muscle pains and as a component of several medications. Under exposure to light it discolors with the release of ammonia.