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  2. Learned helplessness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learned_helplessness

    Learned helplessness is the behavior exhibited by a subject after enduring repeated aversive stimuli beyond their control. It was initially thought to be caused by the subject's acceptance of their powerlessness, by way of their discontinuing attempts to escape or avoid the aversive stimulus, even when such alternatives are unambiguously presented.

  3. Martin Seligman - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Seligman

    Martin Elias Peter Seligman (/ ˈ s ɛ l ɪ ɡ m ə n /; born August 12, 1942) is an American psychologist, educator, and author of self-help books. Seligman is a strong promoter within the scientific community of his theories of well-being and positive psychology. [1] His theory of learned helplessness is popular among scientific and clinical ...

  4. Here’s How Learned Optimism Can Help With Anxiety ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/learned-optimism-help-anxiety...

    During his earlier clinical studies on learned helplessness—which is the belief that you have no control over negative situations or life events—Seligman found that people who are more ...

  5. Learned optimism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learned_optimism

    Seligman came to the concept of learned optimism through a scientific study of learned helplessness, the idea that a certain reoccurring negative event is out of the person's control. As he was performing tests to study helplessness further, he began to wonder why some people resisted helplessness-conditioning. He noticed that, while some ...

  6. Explanatory style - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explanatory_style

    The "learned helplessness" model formed the theoretical basis of the original Abramson, Seligman, and Teasdale statement on attributional style. [8] More recently, Abramson, Metalsky and Alloy proposed a modified "hopelessness theory". [7] This distinguished hopeless depression and more circumscribed pessimism.

  7. Behavioral theories of depression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_theories_of...

    This theory explains the importance of how someone consciously attributes the causes of events in their life. In 1972, Martin Seligman ’s learned helplessness theory of depression posited that if someone finds that their actions don't appear to help resolve their problems, they learn they are helpless, and this will cause them to become ...

  8. Self-efficacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-efficacy

    A negative effect of low self-efficacy is that it can lead to a state of learned helplessness. Learned helplessness was studied by Martin Seligman in an experiment in which shocks were applied to animals. Through the experiment, it was discovered that the animals placed in a cage where they could escape shocks by moving to a different part of ...

  9. Lyn Yvonne Abramson - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyn_Yvonne_Abramson

    She was the senior author of the paper "Learned Helplessness in Humans: Critique and Reformulation" published in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1978, proposing a link between a particular explanatory style and depression.