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  2. Cis–trans isomerism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cistrans_isomerism

    The cis isomer in this case has a boiling point of 60.3 °C, while the trans isomer has a boiling point of 47.5 °C. [6] In the cis isomer the two polar C–Cl bond dipole moments combine to give an overall molecular dipole, so that there are intermolecular dipole–dipole forces (or Keesom forces), which add to the London dispersion forces and ...

  3. Rotamer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotamer

    A: antiperiplanar, anti or trans. B: synclinal or gauche. C: anticlinal or eclipsed. D: synperiplanar or cis. [2] Rotating their carbon–carbon bonds, the molecules ethane and propane have three local energy minima. They are structurally and energetically equivalent, and are called the staggered conformers.

  4. Stereoisomerism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereoisomerism

    Traditionally, double bond stereochemistry was described as either cis (Latin, on this side) or trans (Latin, across), in reference to the relative position of substituents on either side of a double bond. A simple example of cistrans isomerism is the 1,2-disubstituted ethenes, like the dichloroethene (C 2 H 2 Cl 2) isomers shown below. [7]

  5. E–Z notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E–Z_notation

    E–Z configuration, or the E–Z convention, is the IUPAC preferred method of describing the absolute stereochemistry of double bonds in organic chemistry.It is an extension of cistrans isomer notation (which only describes relative stereochemistry) that can be used to describe double bonds having two, three or four substituents.

  6. Isomerization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomerization

    Trans-alkenes are about 1 kcal/mol more stable than cis-alkenes. An example of this effect is cis- vs trans-2-butene. The difference is attributed to unfavorable non-bonded interactions in the cis isomer. Terminal alkenes isomerize to internal alkenes in the presence of metal catalysts.

  7. Isomer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomer

    And each of these cis-trans isomers can possibly have stable "chair" or "boat" conformations (although the barriers between these are significantly lower than those between different cis-trans isomers). The two isomeric complexes, cisplatin and transplatin, are examples of square planar MX 2 Y 2 molecules with M = Pt.

  8. Octahedral molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octahedral_molecular_geometry

    For ML a 4 L b 2, two isomers exist.These isomers of ML a 4 L b 2 are cis, if the L b ligands are mutually adjacent, and trans, if the L b groups are situated 180° to each other. It was the analysis of such complexes that led Alfred Werner to the 1913 Nobel Prize–winning postulation of octahedral complexes.

  9. Dinitrogen difluoride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinitrogen_difluoride

    The cis isomer has C 2v symmetry and the trans isomer has C 2h symmetry. These isomers can interconvert, but the process is slow enough at low temperature that the two can separated by low-temperature fractionation. [clarification needed] The trans isomer is less thermodynamically stable [2] but can be stored in glass vessels