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SIRVA is caused by improper insertion of the needle used in injections. It is "a preventable occurrence caused by the injection of a vaccine into the shoulder capsule rather than the deltoid muscle. As a result, inflammation of the shoulder structures causes patients to experience pain, a decreased range of motion, and a decreased quality of life."
Live attenuated influenza vaccine is administered intranasally, [8] while inactivated vaccines are administered by intramuscular injection. Live attenuated influenza vaccine is sold under the brand names FluMist and FluMist Quadrivalent in the United States; and the brand name Fluenz Tetra in the European Union.
The vaccine produces a greater immune response than standard vaccine. According to the CDC, [1] "a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine [25] [in August, 2014] indicated that the high-dose vaccine was 24.2% more effective in preventing flu in adults 65 years of age and older relative to a standard-dose vaccine." The CDC ...
ATC code J07 Vaccines is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products. [1] [2] [3] Subgroup J07 is part of the anatomical group J Antiinfectives for systemic use. [4]
A flu vaccine containing an adjuvant was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in November 2015, for use by adults aged 65 years of age and older. The vaccine is marketed as Fluad in the US and was first available in the 2016–2017 flu season.
In January 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Audenz, an adjuvanted influenza A (H5N1) monovalent vaccine. [2] [18] Audenz is a vaccine indicated for active immunization for the prevention of disease caused by the influenza strain which is contained in the vaccine (currently A/turkey/Turkey/1/2005 NIBRG-23). [19]
The vaccine was initially developed as a pandemic mock-up vaccine using an H5N1 strain. [ 5 ] Pandemrix was found to be associated with an increased risk of narcolepsy [ 6 ] following investigations by Swedish and Finnish health authorities [ 7 ] and had higher rates of adverse events than other vaccines for H1N1. [ 8 ]
As an injection necessitates piercing the skin, there is a risk of infection from bacteria or other organisms present in the environment or on the skin before the injection. This risk is minimized by using proper aseptic technique in preparing the injection and sanitizing the injection site before administration.