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Clostridioides difficile, also known more commonly as C. diff, accounts for 10 to 20% of antibiotic-associated diarrhea cases, because the antibiotics administered for the treatment of certain disease processes such as inflammatory colitis also inadvertently kill a large portion of the gut flora, the normal flora that is usually present within the bowel.
In resource-poor countries, treatment with antibiotics may be beneficial. [109] However, some bacteria are developing antibiotic resistance, particularly Shigella. [111] Antibiotics can also cause diarrhea, and antibiotic-associated diarrhea is the most common adverse effect of treatment with general antibiotics.
Signs and symptoms of CDI range from mild diarrhea to severe life-threatening inflammation of the colon. [16]In adults, a clinical prediction rule found the best signs to be significant diarrhea ("new onset of more than three partially formed or watery stools per 24-hour period"), recent antibiotic exposure, abdominal pain, fever (up to 40.5 °C or 105 °F), and a distinctive foul odor to the ...
Antibiotics can cause nausea, diarrhea and an upset stomach. Dietitians share which foods to eat and avoid to restore a healthy gut and avoid side effects. 15 best foods to eat with antibiotics to ...
Primary treatment includes rehydration and replacing lost salts (oral rehydration therapy). [3] [4] Antibiotics are recommended for significant or persistent symptoms, and can be taken with loperamide to decrease diarrhea. [3] Hospitalization is required in less than 3 percent of cases. [2]
It is a common cause of diarrhea in those who are hospitalized and is frequently associated with antibiotic use. [32] Staphylococcus aureus infectious diarrhea may also occur in those who have used antibiotics. [33] Acute "traveler's diarrhea" is usually a type of bacterial gastroenteritis, while the persistent form is usually parasitic. [34]
In particular, EAEC are reported as the second most common cause of traveler's diarrhea, second only to Enterotoxigenic E. coli, and a common cause of diarrhea amongst pediatric populations. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It has also been associated with chronic infections in the latter, as well as in immunocompromised hosts, such as HIV -infected individuals. [ 6 ]
Treatment strategies should focus on identifying and correcting the root causes, where possible, resolving nutritional deficiencies, and administering antibiotics. This is especially important for patients with indigestion and malabsorption. [4] Although whether antibiotics should be a first line treatment is a matter of debate.