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  2. Monocrystalline silicon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon

    Monocrystalline silicon, often referred to as single-crystal silicon or simply mono-Si, is a critical material widely used in modern electronics and photovoltaics. As the foundation for silicon-based discrete components and integrated circuits , it plays a vital role in virtually all modern electronic equipment, from computers to smartphones.

  3. Crystalline silicon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon

    Crystalline silicon or (c-Si) is the crystalline forms of silicon, either polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si, consisting of small crystals), or monocrystalline silicon (mono-Si, a continuous crystal). Crystalline silicon is the dominant semiconducting material used in photovoltaic technology for the production of solar cells .

  4. Single crystal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_crystal

    However, the single-crystal copper not only became a better conductor than high purity polycrystalline silver, but with prescribed heat and pressure treatment could surpass even single-crystal silver. Although impurities are usually bad for conductivity, a silver single crystal with a small amount of copper substitutions proved to be the best.

  5. Boule (crystal) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boule_(crystal)

    Monocrystalline silicon boule. A boule is a single-crystal ingot produced by synthetic means. [1]A boule of silicon is the starting material for most of the integrated circuits used today.

  6. Czochralski method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czochralski_method

    The Czochralski method, also Czochralski technique or Czochralski process, is a method of crystal growth used to obtain single crystals of semiconductors (e.g. silicon, germanium and gallium arsenide), metals (e.g. palladium, platinum, silver, gold), salts and synthetic gemstones.

  7. Wafer (electronics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics)

    Diamond cubic crystal structure of a silicon unit cell Flats can be used to denote doping and crystallographic orientation. Red represents material that has been removed. Wafers are grown from crystal having a regular crystal structure, with silicon having a diamond cubic structure with a lattice spacing of 5.430710 Å (0.5430710 nm). [25]

  8. Polycrystalline silicon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon

    In single-crystal silicon, also known as monocrystalline silicon, the crystalline framework is homogeneous, which can be recognized by an even external colouring. [4] The entire sample is one single, continuous and unbroken crystal as its structure contains no grain boundaries .

  9. Silicon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon

    Silicon is a chemical element; ... The first silicon semiconductor device was a silicon radio crystal ... its single-bond covalent radius of 117.6 pm is ...

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