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Between 1994 and 2002, Catholic attendance in Scotland declined 19% to just over 200,000. [9] By 2008, the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Scotland estimated that 184,283 attended Mass regularly. [10] Mass attendance has not recovered to the numbers prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, though there was a dramatic rise between 2022 and 2023. [11]
The ruins of the Cathedral of St Andrew in St Andrews, Fife. Early Pictish religion is presumed to have resembled Celtic polytheism in general. The date at which Pictish kings converted to Christianity is uncertain, but there are traditions which place Saint Palladius in Pictland after leaving Ireland, and link Abernethy with Saints Brigid and Darlugdach of Kildare. [11]
Christianity spread in Scotland from the 6th century, with evangelisation by Irish-Scots missionaries and, to a lesser extent, those from Rome and England. [1] The church in Scotland attained clear independence from England after the Papal Bull of Celestine III (Cum universi, 1192), by which all Scottish bishoprics except Galloway became formally independent of York and Canterbury.
The "Cernunnos" type antlered figure on the Gundestrup Cauldron found in DenmarkVery little is known about religion in Scotland before the arrival of Christianity. The lack of native written sources among the Picts means that it can only be judged from parallels elsewhere, occasional surviving archaeological evidence and hostile accounts of later Christian writers.
James VI and I was baptised Roman Catholic, but brought up Presbyterian and leaned Anglican during his rule. He was a lifelong Protestant, but had to cope with issues surrounding the many religious views of his era, including Anglicanism, Presbyterianism, Roman Catholicism and differing opinions of several English Separatists.
During much of the 20th century and beyond, significant numbers of Catholics emigrated to Scotland from Italy, Lithuania, [62] and Poland. [63] According to the catholic Bishops' Conference of Scotland, there were 676.000 Catholics in 2023. [64] However, the church has been affected by the general decline in churchgoing.
The "Cernunnos" type antlered figure on the Gundestrup Cauldron found in DenmarkVery little is known about religion in Scotland before the arrival of Christianity. The lack of native written sources among the Picts means that it can only be judged from parallels elsewhere, occasional surviving archaeological evidence and hostile accounts of later Christian writers.
Scotland from the Matthew Paris map, c. 1250, showing Hadrian's Wall and above it the Antonine Wall, both depicted battlemented. The long reign (900–942/3) of Causantín (Constantine II) is often regarded as the key to formation of the Kingdom of Alba. He was later credited with bringing Scottish Christianity into conformity with the Catholic ...