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The hydrogen-halogen reactions get gradually less reactive toward the heavier halogens. A fluorine-hydrogen reaction is explosive even when it is dark and cold. A chlorine-hydrogen reaction is also explosive, but only in the presence of light and heat. A bromine-hydrogen reaction is even less explosive; it is explosive only when exposed to flames.
The carbon–fluorine bond of the smaller molecules is formed in three principal ways: Fluorine replaces a halogen or hydrogen, or adds across a multiple bond. The direct reaction of hydrocarbons with fluorine gas can be dangerously reactive, so the temperature may need to be lowered even to −150 °C (−240 °F). [115] "
The elements in group 13 are also capable of forming stable compounds with the halogens, usually with the formula MX 3 (where M is a boron-group element and X is a halogen.) [14] Fluorine, the first halogen, is able to form stable compounds with every element that has been tested (except neon and helium), [15] and the boron group is no exception.
The facility of halogenation is influenced by the halogen. Fluorine and chlorine are more electrophilic and are more aggressive halogenating agents. Bromine is a weaker halogenating agent than both fluorine and chlorine, while iodine is the least reactive of them all.
The direct reaction of hydrogen with fluorine and chlorine gives hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride, respectively. Industrially these gases are, however, produced by treatment of halide salts with sulfuric acid. Hydrogen bromide arises when hydrogen and bromine are combined at high temperatures in the presence of a platinum catalyst.
Scandium(III) fluoride, ScF 3, is an ionic compound. This salt is slightly soluble in water but dissolves in the presence of excess fluoride to form the ScF 6 3− anion. [ 2 ]
Hydrogen is placed by itself on account of it being "so different from all other elements". [6] The remaining nonmetals are divided into nonmetals , halogens , and noble gases , with the unnamed class being distinguished by including nonmetals with relatively strong interatomic bonding, and the metalloids being effectively treated as a third ...
Hydrogen fluoride (fluorane) is an inorganic compound with chemical formula H F. It is a very poisonous, colorless gas or liquid that dissolves in water to yield hydrofluoric acid .