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The 19th century Arabic Van Dyck distinguishes Gehenna from Sheol. The 20th century New International Version, New Living Translation and New American Standard Bible reserve the term "Hell" only for when Gehenna or Tartarus is used. All translate Sheol and Hades in a different fashion.
Puck cartoon of 1885 parodying the changing Christian interpretation of Sheol in the Old Testament: a number of historical sinners and atheists are seen enjoying the relatively pleasant atmosphere of "Sheol" after suffering the flames of the traditional Hell; at left is a dejected Satan sitting beneath a sign that states "This Business is Removed to Sheol, Opposite."
A folk-art allegorical map based on Matthew 7:13–14 Bible Gateway by the woodcutter Georgin François in 1825. The Hebrew phrase לא־תעזב נפשׁי לשׁאול ("you will not abandon my soul to Sheol") in Psalm 16:10 is quoted in the Koine Greek New Testament, Acts 2:27 as οὐκ ἐγκαταλείψεις τὴν ψυχήν μου εἰς ᾅδου ("you will not abandon my soul ...
In Latin, Hades were translated as Purgatorium after about 1200 AD, [131] but no modern English translations render Hades as Purgatory. Tartarus Only appears in 2 Peter 2:4 in the New Testament; both early and modern Bible translations usually translate Tartarus as "Hell", though a few render it as "Tartarus".
Tartarus is the place where, according to Plato's Gorgias (c. 400 BC), souls are judged after death and where the wicked received divine punishment. Tartarus appears in early Greek cosmology, such as in Hesiod's Theogony, where the personified Tartarus is described as one of the earliest beings to exist, alongside Chaos and Gaia (Earth).
In their theology, Gehenna differs from Sheol or Hades in that it holds no hope of a resurrection. [93] Tartarus is held to be the metaphorical state of debasement of the fallen angels between the time of their moral fall (Genesis chapter 6) until their post-millennial destruction along with Satan (Revelation chapter 20). [94]
The Bosom of jesus, Romanesque capital from the former Priory of Alspach, Alsace.(Unterlinden Museum, Colmar)The Bosom of Abraham refers to the place of comfort in the biblical Sheol (or Hades in the Greek Septuagint version of the Hebrew scriptures from around 200 BC, and therefore so described in the New Testament) [1] where the righteous dead await Judgment Day.
The Old Testament view of the afterlife was that all people when they died, whether righteous or unrighteous, went to Sheol, a dark, still place. [8] Several works from the Second Temple period elaborate the concept of Sheol, dividing it into sections based on the righteousness or unrighteousness of those who have died.