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Thyrotoxic myopathy (TM) is a neuromuscular disorder that develops due to the overproduction of the thyroid hormone thyroxine. Also known as hyperthyroid myopathy , TM is one of many myopathies that lead to muscle weakness and muscle tissue breakdown.
Hoffmann syndrome is a rare form of hypothyroid myopathy and is not to be confused with Werdnig-Hoffmann disease (a type of spinal muscular atrophy). It was first documented in 1897 by Johann Hoffmann. [1] It has adult-onset symptoms and is comparable to the childhood-onset Kocher–Debré–Semelaigne syndrome.
In medicine, myopathy is a disease of the muscle [1] in which the muscle fibers do not function properly. Myopathy means muscle disease ( Greek : myo- muscle + patheia -pathy : suffering ). This meaning implies that the primary defect is within the muscle, as opposed to the nerves (" neuropathies " or " neurogenic " disorders) or elsewhere (e.g ...
There may be symptoms of thyroid overactivity, such as weight loss, a fast or irregular heart rate, tremor, and perspiration; [1] [2] but such symptoms occur in only half of all cases. [5] The most common type of hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease , may additionally cause eye problems ( Graves' ophthalmopathy ) and skin changes of the legs ...
Thyroid storm is a severe form of thyrotoxicosis characterized by rapid and often irregular heart beat, high temperature, vomiting, diarrhea, and mental agitation. Symptoms may not be typical in the young, old, or pregnant. [2] It usually occurs due to untreated hyperthyroidism and can be provoked by infections. [2]
Thyroid disease is a medical condition that affects the function of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is located at the front of the neck and produces thyroid hormones [1] that travel through the blood to help regulate many other organs, meaning that it is an endocrine organ. These hormones normally act in the body to regulate energy use ...
Other features are pseudomyotonia, myokymia, slow tendon reflex, slowed muscle contractions and relaxations, muscle stiffness, proximal muscle weakness and myopathy. The severity of these symptoms are determined by the period of hypothyroidism and the degree of deficiency of thyroid hormones. [10] It may also include macroglossia. [11]
It is often possible to diagnose myxedema on clinical grounds alone. Characteristic symptoms are weakness, cold intolerance, mental and physical slowness, dry skin, typical facies, and hoarse voice. Results of the total serum thyroxine and free thyroxine index tests usually will confirm the diagnosis. [9]
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