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In a notable study of power conducted by social psychologists John R. P. French and Bertram Raven in 1959, power is divided into five separate and distinct forms. [1] [2] They identified those five bases of power as coercive, reward, legitimate, referent, and expert.
John Robert Putnam French Jr. (August 7, 1913 – October 14, 1995) was an American psychologist who served as professor emeritus at the University of Michigan. He may be best known for his collaboration with Bertram Raven on French and Raven's five bases of power in 1959.
In a now-classic study (1959), [8] social psychologists John R. P. French and Bertram Raven developed a schema of sources of power by which to analyse how power plays work (or fail to work) in a specific relationship.
Bertram Herbert Raven (September 26, 1926 – February 26, 2020) [1] was an American academic. He was a member of the faculty of the psychology department at UCLA from 1956 until his death. He is perhaps best known for his early work in collaboration with John R. P. French , with whom he developed an analysis of the five bases of social power .
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What you'll notice is that this appears to just be source notes from French & Raven 1959: These five power types come from the work of John French and Bertram Raven. (1959). The Bases of Social Power. In Studies in Social Power, D. Cartwright, Ed., pp. 150-167. Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research.
1959 was a common year ... are first sold on the open market as 'Panti-Legs' by Glen Raven Knitting Mills in the United States. ... French writer, poet, singer and ...
Referent power is a form of reverence gained by a leader who has strong interpersonal relationship skills. Referent power, as an aspect of personal power, becomes particularly important as organizational leadership becomes increasingly about collaboration and influence and less about command and control.