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The mysterious letters [1] (muqaṭṭaʿāt, Arabic: حُرُوف مُقَطَّعَات ḥurūf muqaṭṭaʿāt, "disjoined letters" or "disconnected letters" [2]) are combinations of between one and five Arabic letters that appear at the beginning of 29 out of the 114 chapters of the Quran just after the Bismillāh Islamic phrase. [3]
Any chapter that start with initial letters muqattaat are Meccan, except chapters 2,3 and 13. Any chapter that relates the story of Adam and Iblis (i.e., Satan) is Meccan, except chapter 2. [6] Any chapter that relates the stories of previous prophets and their people is Meccan, except chapter 2.
The Sanaa palimpsest (also Ṣanʽā’ 1 or DAM 01-27.1) or Sanaa Quran is one of the oldest Quranic manuscripts in existence. [1] Part of a sizable cache of Quranic and non-Quranic fragments discovered in Yemen during a 1972 restoration of the Great Mosque of Sanaa, the manuscript was identified as a palimpsest Quran in 1981 as it is written on parchment and comprises two layers of text.
Chronologically, this was the first appearance of any of the "disjointed" [i.e., single] letters which precede a number of the surahs of the Qur'an, [2] while in Quranic order this is the last surah to have the appearance of muqattaat.
Israel Exploration Journal: Israel Exploration Society: 1950: 2 — — Journal of African Archaeology: Brill: 2003: 2: Delayed (3 years) 1612-1651 (print) 2191-5784 (web) Journal of Ancient History — 1937: 4 — — Journal of Anthropological Archaeology: Elsevier: 1982: 4 — 0278-4165: Journal of Anthropological Research [13] University of ...
Most people enter military service “with the fundamental sense that they are good people and that they are doing this for good purposes, on the side of freedom and country and God,” said Dr. Wayne Jonas, a military physician for 24 years and president and CEO of the Samueli Institute, a non-profit health research organization.
He acted as a scribe for Muhammad, writing letters for him. [2] Ubayy was one of the few who compiled the surahs of the Quran to write his own codex that had 116 surahs (compared to the 114 of the Uthmanic codex). He believed that the Throne Verse as the greatest verse in Qu'ran when asked by the Prophet himself on an occasion. [3]
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