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  2. Two's complement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two's_complement

    Two's complement is the most common method of representing signed (positive, negative, and zero) integers on computers, [1] and more generally, fixed point binary values. Two's complement uses the binary digit with the greatest value as the sign to indicate whether the binary number is positive or negative; when the most significant bit is 1 the number is signed as negative and when the most ...

  3. Signed number representations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signed_number_representations

    Addition of a pair of two's-complement integers is the same as addition of a pair of unsigned numbers (except for detection of overflow, if that is done); the same is true for subtraction and even for N lowest significant bits of a product (value of multiplication). For instance, a two's-complement addition of 127 and −128 gives the same ...

  4. Method of complements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_of_complements

    Using sign-magnitude representation requires only complementing the sign bit of the subtrahend and adding, but the addition/subtraction logic needs to compare the sign bits, complement one of the inputs if they are different, implement an end-around carry, and complement the result if there was no carry from the most significant bit.

  5. Adder–subtractor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adder–subtractor

    A 4-bit ripple-carry adder–subtractor based on a 4-bit adder that performs two's complement on A when D = 1 to yield S = B − A. Having an n-bit adder for A and B, then S = A + B. Then, assume the numbers are in two's complement. Then to perform B − A, two's complement theory says to invert each bit of A with a NOT gate then add one.

  6. Carry flag - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carry_flag

    For x86 ALU size of 8 bits, an 8-bit two's complement interpretation, the addition operation 11111111 + 11111111 results in 111111110, Carry_Flag set, Sign_Flag set, and Overflow_Flag clear. If 11111111 represents two's complement signed integer −1 ( ADD al,-1 ), then the interpretation of the result is -2 because Overflow_Flag is clear, and ...

  7. Overflow flag - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overflow_flag

    The overflow flag is thus set when the most significant bit (here considered the sign bit) is changed by adding two numbers with the same sign (or subtracting two numbers with opposite signs). Overflow cannot occur when the sign of two addition operands are different (or the sign of two subtraction operands are the same). [1]

  8. Booth's multiplication algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booth's_multiplication...

    The final value of P is the signed product. The representations of the multiplicand and product are not specified; typically, these are both also in two's complement representation, like the multiplier, but any number system that supports addition and subtraction will work as well. As stated here, the order of the steps is not determined.

  9. Sign bit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_bit

    Two's Complement is by far the most common format for signed integers. In Two's Complement, the sign bit has the weight -2 w-1 where w is equal to the bits position in the number. [1] With an 8-bit integer, the sign bit would have the value of -2 8-1, or -128. Due to this value being larger than all the other bits combined, having this bit set ...