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Stonehenge is a prehistoric megalithic structure on Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire, England, two miles (3 km) west of Amesbury.It consists of an outer ring of vertical sarsen standing stones, each around 13 feet (4.0 m) high, seven feet (2.1 m) wide, and weighing around 25 tons, topped by connecting horizontal lintel stones, held in place with mortise and tenon joints, a feature unique among ...
Stonehenge, an example of Neolithic architecture post and lintel construction. Post and lintel construction of the Airavatesvara Temple, India, a World Heritage Monument site Leinster House in Dublin retains column-shaped pilasters under a pediment for aesthetic reasons.
Stonehenge has an opening in the henge earthwork facing northeast, and suggestions that particular significance was placed by its builders on the solstice and equinox points have followed. For example, the summer solstice Sun rose close to the Heel Stone, and the Sun's first rays shone into the centre of the monument between the horseshoe ...
Their presence makes Stonehenge Britain's oldest cremation cemetery. Plan of Stonehenge 1 with the Aubrey holes shown as white circles. After Cleal et al. The pits appear to have been refilled with the freshly excavated chalk rubble soon after being dug as no weathering has been noted on the chalk sides of the pits. They may also have been dug ...
A plan of the Y and Z Hole circuits at Stonehenge in relation to the central stone structure. The Y and Z Holes are two rings of concentric (though irregular) circuits of 30 and 29 near-identical pits cut around the outside of the Sarsen Circle at Stonehenge. The current view is that both circuits are contemporary.
Stonehenge was also the largest burial ground of its time, lending support to the idea that the site may have been used as a religious temple, a solar calendar and an ancient observatory all in one.
Map of Stonehenge monument and numbered plan of individual stones. The Altar Stone is made of a purplish-green micaceous sandstone and was thought to have originated from outcrops of the Senni Beds formation of the Old Red Sandstone in Wales, though this has not been fully established.
This would go some way towards explaining the monument's atypical design, but overall, Stonehenge is still inexplicably unusual in the context of any prehistoric European culture. Estimates of the manpower needed to build Stonehenge put the total effort involved at millions of hours of work.
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