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The electron affinities E ea of some molecules are given in the table below, from the lightest to the heaviest. Many more have been listed by Rienstra-Kiracofe et al. (2002). The electron affinities of the radicals OH and SH are the most precisely known of all molecular electron affinities.
The electron affinity of molecules is a complicated function of their electronic structure. For instance the electron affinity for benzene is negative, as is that of naphthalene, while those of anthracene, phenanthrene and pyrene are positive. In silico experiments show that the electron affinity of hexacyanobenzene surpasses that of fullerene. [5]
However there are numerous exceptions; for example the lightest exception is chromium, which would be predicted to have the configuration 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 4 4s 2, written as [Ar] 3d 4 4s 2, but whose actual configuration given in the table below is [Ar] 3d 5 4s 1.
At standard pressure, carbon, the lightest carbon group element, sublimes at 3825 °C. Silicon's boiling point is 3265 °C, germanium's is 2833 °C, tin's is 2602 °C, and lead's is 1749 °C. Flerovium is predicted to boil at −60 °C. [11] [12] The melting points of the carbon group elements have roughly the same trend as their boiling points ...
All carbon atoms have 6 protons, but they can have either 6, 7, or 8 neutrons. Since the mass numbers of these are 12, 13 and 14 respectively, said three isotopes are known as carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14 (12 C, 13 C, and 14 C). Natural carbon is a mixture of 12 C (about 98.9%), 13 C (about 1.1%) and about 1 atom per trillion of 14 C.
The two lightest nonmetals, ... Five nonmetallic elements—hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, ... and its electron affinity and electronegativity are high, with the latter ...
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Carbon (from Latin carbo 'coal') is a chemical element; it has symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—meaning that its atoms are able to form up to four covalent bonds due to its valence shell exhibiting 4 electrons. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. [13] Carbon makes up about 0.025 percent of Earth's ...