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The wall of the heart is made up of three layers: epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. [8] The heart pumps blood with a rhythm determined by a group of pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node. These generate an electric current that causes the heart to contract, traveling through the atrioventricular node and along the conduction system of ...
Endocardial cushions, or atrioventricular cushions, refer to a subset of cells in the development of the heart that play a vital role in the proper formation of the heart septa. They develop on the atrioventricular canal [2] and conotruncal region of the bulbus cordis. [3] During heart development, the heart starts out as a tube. As heart ...
The heart is a muscular organ situated in the mediastinum.It consists of four chambers, four valves, two main arteries (the coronary arteries), and the conduction system. The left and right sides of the heart have different functions: the right side receives de-oxygenated blood through the superior and inferior venae cavae and pumps blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery, and the left ...
The deep part of the cardiac plexus is situated in front of the bifurcation of the trachea (known as the carina), above the point of division of the pulmonary artery, and behind the aortic arch.
Illustration depicting the layers of the heart wall including the innermost endocardium. The endocardium (pl.: endocardia) is the innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart. Its cells are embryologically and biologically similar to the endothelial cells that line blood vessels. The endocardium also provides protection to the ...
The heart wall is a three-layered structure with a thick layer of myocardium sandwiched between the inner endocardium and the outer epicardium (also known as the visceral pericardium). The inner endocardium lines the cardiac chambers, covers the cardiac valves , and joins with the endothelium that lines the blood vessels that connect to the heart.
The Purkinje fibers, named for Jan Evangelista Purkyně, (English: / p ɜːr ˈ k ɪ n dʒ i / pur-KIN-jee; [1] Czech: [ˈpurkɪɲɛ] ⓘ; Purkinje tissue or subendocardial branches) are located in the inner ventricular walls of the heart, [2] just beneath the endocardium in a space called the subendocardium.
This occurs when plaques (made up of deposits of cholesterol and other substances) build up over time in the walls of the arteries. Coronary artery disease (CAD) or ischemic heart disease are the terms used to describe narrowing of the coronary arteries. [8] As the disease progresses, plaque buildup can partially block blood flow to the heart ...