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  2. Bicarbonate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonate

    The bicarbonate ion (hydrogencarbonate ion) is an anion with the empirical formula HCO − 3 and a molecular mass of 61.01 daltons; it consists of one central carbon atom surrounded by three oxygen atoms in a trigonal planar arrangement, with a hydrogen atom attached to one of the oxygens.

  3. Bicarbonate buffer system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonate_buffer_system

    Most of the carbonic acid then dissociates to bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate buffer system is an acid-base homeostatic mechanism involving the balance of carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3), bicarbonate ion (HCO − 3), and carbon dioxide (CO 2) in order to maintain pH in the blood and duodenum, among other tissues, to support proper ...

  4. Hydrogen ion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_ion

    The concentration of hydrogen ions and pH are inversely proportional; in an aqueous solution, an increased concentration of hydrogen ions yields a low pH, and subsequently, an acidic product. By definition, an acid is an ion or molecule that can donate a proton, and when introduced to a solution it will react with water molecules (H 2 O) to ...

  5. Sodium bicarbonate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_bicarbonate

    Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogencarbonate [9]), commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO 3. It is a salt composed of a sodium cation (Na +) and a bicarbonate anion (HCO 3 −). Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline but often appears as a

  6. Metabolic alkalosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_alkalosis

    Metabolic alkalosis is an acid-base disorder in which the pH of tissue is elevated beyond the normal range (7.35–7.45). This is the result of decreased hydrogen ion concentration, leading to increased bicarbonate (HCO − 3), or alternatively a direct result of increased bicarbonate concentrations.

  7. Carbonic anhydrase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonic_anhydrase

    The carbonic anhydrases (or carbonate dehydratases) (EC 4.2.1.1) form a family of enzymes that catalyze the interconversion between carbon dioxide and water and the dissociated ions of carbonic acid (i.e. bicarbonate and hydrogen ions). [1] The active site of most carbonic anhydrases contains a zinc ion. They are therefore classified as ...

  8. Chloride shift - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride_shift

    This releases hydrogen ions from hemoglobin, increases free H + concentration within RBCs, and shifts the equilibrium towards CO 2 and water formation from bicarbonate. The subsequent decrease in intracellular bicarbonate concentration reverses chloride-bicarbonate exchange: bicarbonate moves into the cell in exchange for chloride moving out.

  9. Acid–base homeostasis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid–base_homeostasis

    When the pH in the ECF falls, hydrogen ions are excreted into urine, while bicarbonate ions are secreted into blood plasma, causing the plasma pH to rise. [12] The converse happens if the pH in the ECF tends to rise: bicarbonate ions are then excreted into the urine and hydrogen ions into the blood plasma.