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The highest-risk types are HPV 16 and 18; these are responsible for the vast majority of HPV-related cancers, including cancers of the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, anus, and head and neck.
In Europe, types 16 and 18 are responsible for over 70% of cervical cancers. [198] Overall rates of HPV-associated invasive cancers may be increasing. Between 1994 and 2014, there was a 2% increase in the rate of HPV-associated invasive cancers per year for both sexes in Ireland. [197]
Cervarix is designed to prevent infection from HPV types 16 and 18, that cause about 70% of cervical cancer cases. [6] These types also cause most HPV-induced genital and head and neck cancers. Additionally, some cross-reactive protection against virus strains 45 and 31 were shown in clinical trials. [ 7 ]
The HPV strains that Gardasil protects against are sexually transmitted, [14] specifically HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18. [15] [16] HPV types 16 and 18 cause an estimated 70% of cervical cancers, [17] [18] and are responsible for most HPV-induced anal, [19] vulvar, vaginal, [20] and penile cancer cases. [19]
[22]: 668 The vaccines are between 92% and 100% effective against HPV 16 and 18 up to at least 8 years. [50] HPV vaccines are typically given to age 9 to 26, as the vaccine is most effective if given before infection occurs. The primary target group in most of the countries recommending HPV vaccination is young adolescent girls, aged 9-14. [16]
A study with 9vHPV, a 9-valent HPV vaccine that protects against HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58, came to the result that the rate of high-grade cervical, vulvar, or vaginal disease was the same as when using a quadrivalent HPV vaccine. [57]
For the first time in 10 years, the rate of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination initiation did not increase among teenagers, according to new data from the Centers for Disease Control and ...
The efficacy of the vaccine against HPV types 16 and 18 in naive women ≤26 years old has been shown to be between 91-100% but is lower when individuals are vaccinated irrespective of baseline HPV infection at 76%. [22] In 2010, Gardasil was approved in the US to prevent anal cancer and pre-cancerous lesions in males and females aged 9 to 26 ...