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Fixed exchange rate against the US dollar: Exchange rate: US$1:HK$5.650 (June 1972 – February 1973) US$1:HK$5.085 (February 1973 – November 1974) November 1974 – October 1983 Free floating: Exchange rates on selected days: US$1:HK$4.965 (25 November 1974) US$1:HK$9.600 (24 September 1983) 1983 – present Linked exchange rate system
The same mechanism also works when the market rate is above 7.80, and the banks will convert Hong Kong dollars for US dollars. The Hong Kong dollar is backed by one of the world's largest foreign exchange reserves, which is over 7 times the amount of money supplied in circulation or about 48% of Hong Kong dollars M3 at the end of April 2016. [3]
Black Saturday, 24 September 1983, is the name given to the crisis when the Hong Kong dollar exchange rate versus the United States dollar was at an all-time low. On that day, US$1 exchanged for HK$9.6. [1] For a period, Hong Kong stores began quoting products in US dollar prices, because of the uncertain fluctuation in domestic currency.
In 1985, 20-dollar notes were introduced, whilst, in 1993, a 10-dollar coin was introduced and the banks stopped issuing 10-dollar notes. In 1994, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA), gave authority to the Bank of China to issue notes. The 1-cent note issued by the Government was demonetised and ceased to be legal tender on 1 October 1995.
The economy of Hong Kong is a highly developed free-market economy. It is characterised by low taxation, almost free port trade and a well-established international financial market. [15] [16] Its currency, called the Hong Kong dollar, is legally issued by three major international commercial banks, [17] and is pegged to the US dollar.
Black Monday (also known as Black Tuesday in some parts of the world due to time zone differences) was the global, severe and largely unexpected [1] stock market crash on Monday, October 19, 1987. Worldwide losses were estimated at US$1.71 trillion. [ 2 ]
Hong Kong officially introduced a new series of coin on New Year's Day (1 January) 1993 at stroke of midnight HKT in denominations of 10-cent, 20-cent, 50-cent, HK$1, HK$2 and HK$10. Since the introduction of the Octopus card in 1997, small value payments and purchases in Hong Kong are mostly made as Octopus transactions.
The Association was renamed the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 1914. [citation needed] A second exchange, the Hong Kong Stockbrokers' Association was incorporated in 1921. The two exchanges merged to form the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 1947 and re-establish the stock market after the Second World War.