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It may have a decreased risk of breast and colorectal cancer, though conversely it can be associated with vaginal bleeding, endometrial cancer, and increase the risk of stroke in women over age 60 years. [127] [128] Vaginal estrogen can improve local atrophy and dryness, with fewer systemic effects than estrogens delivered by other routes. [129]
Gynecologic cancer is a type of cancer that affects the female reproductive system, including ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, vaginal cancer, cervical cancer, and vulvar cancer. Gynecological cancers comprise 10-15% of women's cancers, mainly affecting women past reproductive age but posing threats to fertility for younger patients. [ 1 ]
Decreased risk of endometrial cancer. DMPA reduces the risk of endometrial cancer by 80%. [51] [52] [53] The reduced risk of endometrial cancer in DMPA users is thought to be due to both the direct anti-proliferative effect of progestogen on the endometrium and the indirect reduction of estrogen levels by suppression of ovarian follicular ...
Other research has found that the rate of VTE is 1 to 5 in 10,000 woman-years in women who are not pregnant or taking a birth control pill, 3 to 9 in 10,000 woman-years in women who are on a birth control pill, 5 to 20 in 10,000 women-years in pregnant women, and 40 to 65 in 10,000 women-years in postpartum women. [104]
Gynecologic oncology is a specialized field of medicine that focuses on cancers of the female reproductive system, including ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, vaginal cancer, cervical cancer, and vulvar cancer. As specialists, they have extensive training in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers.
Progestogens were first found to be effective at high doses in the treatment of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer in 1959. [ 32 ] [ 33 ] [ 34 ] Subsequently, high-dose gestonorone caproate , hydroxyprogesterone caproate , medroxyprogesterone acetate , and megestrol acetate were approved for the treatment of endometrial cancer.
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Treatment of uterine cancer may differ depending on the type of cancer and staging of the tumor. [15] In early stages, minimal invasive surgery is preferred. [16] For endometrial cancer, five main types of treatments are used, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy