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  2. Voiceless retroflex affricate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_affricate

    The voiceless retroflex sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is t̠͡ʂ , sometimes simplified to tʂ or ꭧ , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is ts`.

  3. Voiceless alveolar affricate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate

    A voiceless alveolar affricate is a type of affricate consonant pronounced with the tip or blade of the tongue against the alveolar ridge (gum line) just behind the teeth. This refers to a class of sounds, not a single sound.

  4. International Phonetic Alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic...

    Square brackets are used with phonetic notation, whether broad or narrow [17] – that is, for actual pronunciation, possibly including details of the pronunciation that may not be used for distinguishing words in the language being transcribed, but which the author nonetheless wishes to document. Such phonetic notation is the primary function ...

  5. Voiceless postalveolar affricate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar...

    The voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant affricate or voiceless domed postalveolar sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages.The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with t͡ʃ , t͜ʃ tʃ (formerly the ligature ʧ ), or, in broad transcription, c .

  6. Affricate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affricate

    Affricates may also be a strategy to increase the phonetic contrast between aspirated or ejective and tenuis consonants. According to Kehrein (2002) , no language contrasts a non-sibilant, non-lateral affricate with a stop at the same place of articulation and with the same phonation and airstream mechanism, such as /t̪/ and /t̪θ/ or /k/ and ...

  7. Ejective consonant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejective_consonant

    In producing an ejective, the stylohyoid muscle and digastric muscle contract, causing the hyoid bone and the connected glottis to rise, and the forward articulation (at the velum in the case of [kʼ]) is held, raising air pressure greatly in the mouth so when the oral articulators separate, there is a dramatic burst of air. [1]

  8. Sotho phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotho_phonology

    Probably the most radical sound innovation in the Sotho–Tswana languages is that the Proto-Bantu prenasalized consonants have become simple stops and affricates. [2] Thus isiZulu words such as entabeni ('on the mountain'), impuphu ('flour'), ezinkulu ('the big ones'), ukulanda ('to fetch'), ukulamba ('to become hungry'), and ukuthenga ('to buy') are cognates to Sesotho [tʰɑbeŋ̩] thabeng ...

  9. Lateral consonant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_consonant

    Many of these languages also have lateral affricates. Some languages have palatal or velar voiceless lateral fricatives or affricates, such as Dahalo and Zulu, but the IPA has no symbols for such sounds. However, appropriate symbols are easy to make by adding a lateral-fricative belt to the symbol for the corresponding lateral approximant (see ...