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  2. mkdir - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mkdir

    where name_of_directory is the name of the directory one wants to create. When typed as above (i.e. normal usage), the new directory would be created within the current directory. On Unix and Windows (with Command extensions enabled, [15] the default [16]), multiple directories can be specified, and mkdir will try to create all of them.

  3. Shell script - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script

    Editing a FreeBSD shell script for configuring ipfirewall. A shell script is a computer program designed to be run by a Unix shell, a command-line interpreter. [1] The various dialects of shell scripts are considered to be command languages.

  4. umask - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umask

    The mask is generally only applied to functions that create a new file; however, there are exceptions. For example, when using UNIX and GNU versions of chmod to set the permissions of a file, and symbolic notation is used, and no user is specified, then the mask is applied to the requested permissions before they are applied to the file. For ...

  5. Bash (Unix shell) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash_(Unix_shell)

    Bash executes these files as part of its standard initialization, but other startup files can read them in a different order than the documented Bash startup sequence. The default content of the root user's files may also have issues, as well as the skeleton files the system provides to new user accounts upon setup.

  6. cd (command) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cd_(command)

    Command line shells on Windows usually use the Windows API to change the current working directory, whereas on Unix systems cd calls the chdir() POSIX C function. This means that when the command is executed, no new process is created to migrate to the other directory as is the case with other commands such as ls. Instead, the shell itself ...

  7. exec (system call) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exec_(system_call)

    The traditional Unix system does not have the functionality to create a new process running a new executable program in one step, which explains the importance of exec for Unix programming. Other systems may use spawn as the main tool for running executables. Its result is equivalent to the fork–exec sequence of Unix-like

  8. Dot (command) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot_(command)

    In a Unix shell, the full stop called the dot command (.) is a command that evaluates commands in a computer file in the current execution context. [1] In the C shell, a similar functionality is provided as the source command, [2] and this name is seen in "extended" POSIX shells as well.

  9. ln (Unix) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ln_(Unix)

    The ln command is a standard Unix command utility used to create a hard link or a symbolic link (symlink) to an existing file or directory. [1] The use of a hard link allows multiple filenames to be associated with the same file since a hard link points to the inode of a given file, the data of which is stored on disk.