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Biological control or biocontrol is a method of controlling pests, whether pest animals such as insects and mites, weeds, or pathogens affecting animals or plants by using other organisms. [1] It relies on predation , parasitism , herbivory , or other natural mechanisms, but typically also involves an active human management role.
In contrast to the chemical crop protection industry (Agricultural Industry Association) the IBMA members produce Bioeffectors, i.e. botanicals, pheromones, invertebrate biocontrol agents and micro-organisms as a basis for plant protection products. [5] These biocontrol products against plant diseases and pests can be used in the organic ...
Examples of emerging bioproducts or biobased products include biofuels, bioenergy, starch-based and cellulose-based ethanol, bio-based adhesives, biochemicals, bioplastics, etc. [8] [9] Emerging bioproducts are active subjects of research and development, and these efforts have developed significantly since the turn of the 20/21st century, in ...
Biopesticides may include natural plant-derived products, which include alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolics and other secondary chemicals. Vegetable oils such as canola oil have pesticidal properties [14] [citation needed]. Products based on plant extracts such as garlic have now been registered in the EU and elsewhere [15] [citation needed].
An example for natural phycotechnology is the converting of atmospheric nitrogen into bioaccessible nitrogenous compounds by diazotrophic cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Species of cyanobacteria like Nostoc , Arthrospira ( Spirulina ) and Aphanizomenon are used as food and feed due to their easy digestibility and nutrient content.
Bioenergy feedstocks typically require significant amounts of energy to harvest, dry, and transport; the energy usage for these processes may emit greenhouse gases. In some cases, the impacts of land-use change, cultivation, and processing can result in higher overall carbon emissions for bioenergy compared to using fossil fuels. [30] [32]
Encarsia formosa, an endoparasitic wasp, was one of the first biological control agents developed. Some species of bee are beneficial as pollinators, although generally only efficient at pollinating plants from the same area of origin, facilitating propagation and fruit production for many plants. This group includes not only honeybees, but ...
Biomass (in the context of energy generation) is matter from recently living (but now dead) organisms which is used for bioenergy production. There are variations in how such biomass for energy is defined, e.g. only from plants, [8] or from plants and algae, [9] or from plants and animals. [10]