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Louis XII (27 June 1462 – 1 January 1515), also known as Louis of Orléans, was King of France from 1498 to 1515 and King of Naples from 1501 to 1504. The son of Charles, Duke of Orléans, and Marie of Cleves, he succeeded his second cousin once removed and brother-in-law, Charles VIII, who died childless in 1498.
The first stages of conflict between the Papal States and France began in 1510. King Louis XII of France demanded that the Republic of Florence declare definitively its allegiance. However, declaring allegiance to France would expose Florence to an immediate attack, and alienate its citizens, who dreaded a conflict with the head of the Church.
Louis XII of France Kneeling in Prayer, with Saints Michael, Charlemagne, Louis, and Dennis, Getty Museum. Inscribed (literally) "Louis XII of this name: it is made at the age of 36 years". The Hours of Louis XII (French: Livre d'heures de Louis XII) was an illuminated manuscript book of hours produced by Jean Bourdichon for Louis XII of France.
Under Charles VII, a subcouncil of the King's council appeared to handle particularly contentious affairs. An ordinance by Charles VIII in 1497, and reissued by Louis XII in 1498, removed this section entirely from the King's Council and made it a superior court of justice under the institutional name "Grand Conseil". The "Grand Conseil" was ...
Both brevets were withdrawn in 1629 by Louis XIII after a final religious civil war. The two letters patent [ 5 ] supplementing the edict granted the Protestants safe havens ( places de sûreté ), which were military strongholds such as La Rochelle , in support of which the king paid 180,000 écus a year, along with a further 150 emergency ...
Under Louis XV, the Conseil des Dépêches was very active and became, for domestic affairs, the equivalent of the "Conseil d'En-haut" for foreign affairs. The council met every Saturday, and sometimes on Friday, but also came together for additional meetings, some for several days in a row, as was the case during the Fronde parlementaire under ...
The marriage was arranged because Joan, due to her malformation, was expected to be sterile. By doing so, Louis XI hoped to extinguish the Orléans cadet branch of the House of Valois. [5] [6] Louis was displeased at the forced marriage, and his treatment of his new wife reflected this. King Louis died in 1483 and was succeeded by his son Charles.
The relations between the Catholic Church and the state have been constantly evolving with various forms of government, some of them controversial in retrospect. In its history, the Church has had to deal with various concepts and systems of governance, from the Roman Empire to the medieval divine right of kings, from nineteenth- and twentieth-century concepts of democracy and pluralism to the ...