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Traumatic asphyxia, or Perte's syndrome, [1] is a medical emergency caused by an intense compression of the thoracic cavity, causing venous back-flow from the right side of the heart into the veins of the neck and the brain.
Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes S00-S09 within Chapter XIX: Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes should be included in this category. Chest trauma is an injury to the chest .
A traumatic pneumothorax may result from either blunt trauma or penetrating injury to the chest wall. [13] The most common mechanism is the penetration of sharp bony points at a new rib fracture, which damages lung tissue. [18] Traumatic pneumothorax may also be observed in those exposed to blasts, even when there is no apparent injury to the ...
Chest injuries account for 25% of all deaths from traumatic injury. [1] Typically chest injuries are caused by blunt mechanisms such as direct, indirect, compression, contusion, deceleration, or blasts [ 2 ] caused by motor vehicle collisions or penetrating mechanisms such as stabbings .
A pulmonary laceration can cause air to leak out of the lacerated lung [10] and into the pleural space, if the laceration goes through to it. [8] Pulmonary laceration invariably results in pneumothorax (due to torn airways), hemothorax (due to torn blood vessels), or a hemopneumothorax (with both blood and air in the chest cavity). [11]
A chest radiograph of a flail chest associated with right sided pulmonary contusion and subcutaneous emphysema. Diagnosis is by physical examination performed by a physician. The diagnosis may be assisted or confirmed by use of medical imaging with either plain X ray or CT scan. Paradoxial movements of flail segments.
Potential complications include a pneumothorax, pulmonary contusion, and pneumonia. [2] [1] Rib fractures usually occur from a direct blow to the chest such as during a motor vehicle collision or from a crush injury. [2] [1] Coughing or metastatic cancer may also result in a broken rib. [1] The middle ribs are most commonly fractured.
Blood clots, Collapsed lung (pneumothorax), Infections, Scarring (pulmonary fibrosis) [2] Usual onset: Within a week [1] Diagnostic method: Adults: PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio of less than 300 mm Hg [1] Children: oxygenation index > 4 [3] Differential diagnosis: Heart failure [1] Treatment: Mechanical ventilation, ECMO [1] Prognosis: 35–90% risk of ...